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¡¡¡¡ LinuxÏÂÒ»¸ö½ø³ÌÔÚÄÚ´æÀïÓÐÈý²¿·ÝµÄÊý¾Ý£¬¾ÍÊÇ“Êý¾Ý¶Î”£¬“¶ÑÕ»¶Î”ºÍ“´úÂë¶Î”£¬Æäʵѧ¹ý»ã±àÓïÑÔµÄÈËÒ»¶¨ÖªµÀ£¬Ò»°ãµÄCPUÏóI386£¬¶¼ÓÐÉÏÊöÈýÖֶμĴæÆ÷£¬ÒÔ·½±ã²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÔËÐС£“´úÂë¶Î”£¬¹ËÃû˼Ò壬¾ÍÊÇ´æ·ÅÁ˳ÌÐò´úÂëµÄÊý¾Ý£¬¼ÙÈç»úÆ÷ÖÐÓÐÊý¸ö½ø³ÌÔËÐÐÏàͬµÄÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò£¬ÄÇôËüÃǾͿÉÒÔʹÓÃͬһ¸ö´úÂë¶Î¡£
¡¡¡¡ ¶ÑÕ»¶Î´æ·ÅµÄ¾ÍÊÇ×Ó³ÌÐòµÄ·µ»ØµØÖ·¡¢×Ó³ÌÐòµÄ²ÎÊýÒÔ¼°³ÌÐòµÄ¾Ö²¿±äÁ¿¡£¶øÊý¾Ý¶ÎÔò´æ·Å³ÌÐòµÄÈ«¾Ö±äÁ¿£¬³£ÊýÒÔ¼°¶¯Ì¬Êý¾Ý·ÖÅäµÄÊý¾Ý¿Õ¼ä£¨±ÈÈçÓÃmallocÖ®ÀàµÄº¯ÊýÈ¡µÃµÄ¿Õ¼ä£©¡£ÕâÆäÖÐÓÐÐí¶àϸ½ÚÎÊÌ⣬ÕâÀïÏÞÓÚÆª·ù¾Í²»¶à½éÉÜÁË¡£ÏµÍ³Èç¹ûͬʱÔËÐÐÊý¸öÏàͬµÄ³ÌÐò£¬ËüÃÇÖ®¼ä¾Í²»ÄÜʹÓÃͬһ¸ö¶ÑÕ»¶ÎºÍÊý¾Ý¶Î¡£
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¡¡¡¡ ÔÚLinuxϲúÉúеĽø³ÌµÄϵͳµ÷ÓþÍÊÇforkº¯Êý£¬Õâ¸öº¯ÊýÃûÊÇÓ¢ÎÄÖГ·Ö²æ”µÄÒâ˼¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´È¡Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÄØ£¿ÒòΪһ¸ö½ø³ÌÔÚÔËÐÐÖУ¬Èç¹ûʹÓÃÁËfork£¬¾Í²úÉúÁËÁíÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì£¬ÓÚÊǽø³Ì¾Í“·Ö²æ”ÁË£¬ËùÒÔÕâ¸öÃû×ÖÈ¡µÃºÜÐÎÏó¡£ÏÂÃæ¾Í¿´¿´ÈçºÎ¾ßÌåʹÓÃfork£¬Õâ¶Î³ÌÐòÑÝʾÁËʹÓÃforkµÄ»ù±¾¿ò¼Ü£º
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¡¡¡¡LinuxʹÓñê×¼µÄĿ¼½á¹¹£¬ÔÚ°²×°µÄʱºò£¬°²×°³ÌÐò¾ÍÒѾ­ÎªÓû§´´½¨ÁËÎļþϵͳºÍÍêÕû¶ø¹Ì¶¨µÄĿ¼×é³ÉÐÎʽ£¬²¢Ö¸¶¨ÁËÿ¸öĿ¼µÄ×÷ÓÃºÍÆäÖеÄÎļþÀàÐÍ¡£
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bin  home    dev     etc     lib     sbin    tmp      usr    va ......

linuxÓû§(user)ºÍÓû§×é(group)

add user£º
[root@localhost ~]# useradd test
[root@localhost ~]# passwd test
add user to a group:
e.g. add nexus to admin
useradd -g admin nexus
default role£º
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -D
GROUP=100
HOME=/home
INACTIVE=-1
EXPIRE=
SHELL=/bin/bash
SKEL=/etc/skel
CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=no
delete user£º
[root@localhost ~]# userdel test
[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r test
¹ÜÀíÓû§£¨user£©µÄ¹¤¾ß»òÃüÁ
useradd    ×¢£ºÌí¼ÓÓû§
adduser    ×¢£ºÌí¼ÓÓû§
passwd     ×¢£ºÎªÓû§ÉèÖÃÃÜÂë
usermod  ×¢£ºÐÞ¸ÄÓû§ÃüÁ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýusermod À´Ð޸ĵǼÃû¡¢Óû§µÄ¼ÒĿ¼µÈµÈ£»
pwcov       ×¢£ºÍ¬²½Óû§´Ó/etc/passwd µ½/etc/shadow
pwck         ×¢£ºpwckÊÇУÑéÓû§ÅäÖÃÎļþ/etc/passwd ºÍ/etc/shadow ÎļþÄÚÈÝÊÇ·ñºÏ·¨»òÍêÕû£»
pwunconv  ×¢£ºÊÇpwcov µÄÁ¢ÄæÏò²Ù×÷£¬ÊÇ´Ó/etc/shadowºÍ /etc/passwd ´´½¨/etc/passwd £¬È»ºó»áɾ³ý /etc/shadow Îļþ£»
finger      ......

linuxÉϰ²×°python·þÎñÆ÷Ïà¹Ø¹¤¾ß


1¡¢Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³
yum check-update
yum update
2¡¢°²×°Ò»Ð©³£ÓõŤ¾ß
yum install ntp iptraf sysstat screen subversion wget bzip2 nfs-utils vim-common
3¡¢ÉèÖÃÿÌì×Ô¶¯ºË׼ʱ¼ä
# crontab -e
0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44
:wq
4¡¢°²×°Ò»Ð©¿ª·¢°ü
# yum install make gcc gcc-c++ libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel tcl-devel freetype-devel libevent-devel openssl-devel db4-devel curl-devel pcre-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel
5¡¢°²×°sqlite
wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3.6.4.tar.gz
tar xzvf sqlite-3.6.4.tar.gz
cd sqlite-3.6.4
 ./configure --enable-threadsafe
make
make install
5¡¢°²×°Python
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5.4/Python-2.5.4.tar.bz2
tar xjvf Python-2.5.4.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.5.4/
./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4
make
make install
6¡¢°²×°MySQL 5.0
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-5.0.83.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.mirrors.pair.com/
tar xzvf mysql-5.0.83.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.83/
groupad ......

linuxÉϰ²×°python·þÎñÆ÷Ïà¹Ø¹¤¾ß


1¡¢Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³
yum check-update
yum update
2¡¢°²×°Ò»Ð©³£ÓõŤ¾ß
yum install ntp iptraf sysstat screen subversion wget bzip2 nfs-utils vim-common
3¡¢ÉèÖÃÿÌì×Ô¶¯ºË׼ʱ¼ä
# crontab -e
0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44
:wq
4¡¢°²×°Ò»Ð©¿ª·¢°ü
# yum install make gcc gcc-c++ libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel tcl-devel freetype-devel libevent-devel openssl-devel db4-devel curl-devel pcre-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel
5¡¢°²×°sqlite
wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3.6.4.tar.gz
tar xzvf sqlite-3.6.4.tar.gz
cd sqlite-3.6.4
 ./configure --enable-threadsafe
make
make install
5¡¢°²×°Python
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5.4/Python-2.5.4.tar.bz2
tar xjvf Python-2.5.4.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.5.4/
./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4
make
make install
6¡¢°²×°MySQL 5.0
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-5.0.83.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.mirrors.pair.com/
tar xzvf mysql-5.0.83.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.83/
groupad ......

Linux RPM ÃüÁî²ÎÊýʹÓÃÏê½â£Û½éÉܺÍÓ¦ÓãÝ


RPMÊÇRedHat Package Manager£¨RedHatÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß£©ÀàËÆWindowsÀïÃæµÄ¡°Ìí¼Ó/ɾ³ý³ÌÐò¡±
 
rpm Ö´Ðа²×°°ü
¶þ½øÖưü£¨Binary£©ÒÔ¼°Ô´´úÂë°ü£¨Source£©Á½ÖÖ¡£¶þ½øÖưü¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó°²×°ÔÚ¼ÆËã»úÖУ¬¶øÔ´´úÂë°ü½«»áÓÉRPM×Ô¶¯±àÒë¡¢°²×°¡£Ô´´úÂë°ü¾­³£ÒÔsrc.rpm×÷Ϊºó׺Ãû¡£
 
³£ÓÃÃüÁî×éºÏ£º
 
£­ivh£º°²×°ÏÔʾ°²×°½ø¶È--install--verbose--hash
£­Uvh£ºÉý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü--Update£»
£­qpl£ºÁгöRPMÈí¼þ°üÄÚµÄÎļþÐÅÏ¢[Query Package list]£»
£­qpi£ºÁгöRPMÈí¼þ°üµÄÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢[Query Package install package(s)]£»
£­qf£º²éÕÒÖ¸¶¨ÎļþÊôÓÚÄĸöRPMÈí¼þ°ü[Query File]£»
£­Va£ºÐ£ÑéËùÓеÄRPMÈí¼þ°ü£¬²éÕÒ¶ªÊ§µÄÎļþ[View Lost]£»
£­e£ºÉ¾³ý°ü
 
rpm -q samba //²éѯ³ÌÐòÊÇ·ñ°²×°
 
rpm -ivh /media/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/samba-3.0.10-1.4E.i386.rpm //°´Â·¾¶°²×°²¢ÏÔʾ½ø¶È
rpm -ivh --relocate /=/opt/gaim gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm    //Ö¸¶¨°²×°Ä¿Â¼
 
rpm -ivh --test gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm¡¡¡¡¡¡ //ÓÃÀ´¼ì²éÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ£»²¢²»ÊÇÕæÕýµÄ°²×°£»
rpm -Uvh --oldpackage gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm //а汾½µ¼¶Îª¾ ......

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    ÏȽ«ÐéÄâ»úPower Off£¬ÔÚVirtual Machine Setting¶Ô»°¿òÀïµã»÷×óϽǵēAdd”£¬Ñ¡Ôñ“Hard Disk”£¬Ö®ºóÑ¡Ôñ“Create a new virtual disk”£¬·ÖÅäÈÝÁ¿£¬ÆäËûĬÈÏÅäÖá£
    Æô¶¯ÐéÄâ»úϵͳ£¬ÓÃrootµÇ½£¬ÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÓÃfdisk -l²é¿´ÊÇ·ñʶ±ðÁËÐÂÓ²ÅÌ£¬Èç¹ûÌí¼ÓµÄÊÇIDEÓ²ÅÌ£¬¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã¿´µ½hdb£¬Èç¹ûÊÇSCSIÓ²ÅÌ£¬¿´µ½µÄ¾ÍÓ¦¸ÃÊÇsdb£¬·¢ÏÖÊÇsdb¡£
    ʹÓÃfdisk /dev/sdbÃüÁÔÚ³öÏÖµÄÑ¡ÏîÖÐÑ¡Ôñ“w”£¬¼´½«·ÖÇø±íдÈëÓ²Å̲¢Í˳ö£¬ÕâʱÔÙÓÃfdisk -l²é¿´¡£
    ÓÃmkfsÃüÁÆä¸ñʽ»¯£¬mkfs ext3 /dev/sdb
¹ÒÔØ¸Ã·ÖÇø£º
 ÊÖ¶¯¹ÒÔØ£¬Ôò¼üÈ룺mount /dev/sda3  /home/work/         "±íʾ½«¸ÃзÖÇø¹ÒÔØµ½/home/work/Õâ¸öĿ¼ÏÂÃæ"
 ¿ª»ú×Ô¶¯¹ÒÔØ£¬ÔòÐÞ¸Ä/etc/fstabÎļþ£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÎļþÀïÃæÌí¼ÓÒ»ÐУº
 /dev/sda3       /home/work      ext3    defaults,    ......
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