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Linux/Unix環¾³ÏµÄmakeºÍmakefile詳½â

無論ÊÇÔÚLinux還ÊÇÔÚUnix環¾³ÖУ¬make¶¼ÊÇÒ»個·Ç³£ÖØÒªµÄ編譯Ö¸Áî¡£
²»¹ÜÊÇ×Ô¼º進ÐÐ項Ä¿開發還ÊÇ°²裝應ÓÃ軟體£¬ÎÒ們¶¼經³£ÒªÓõ½make»òmake install¡£ÀûÓÃmake¹¤¾ß£¬ÎÒ們¿ÉÒÔ將´óÐ͵Ä開發項Ä¿·Ö½â³É為¶à個¸üÒ×춹ÜÀíµÄÄ£組£¬對ì¶Ò»個°üÀ¨幾°Ù個Ô´ÎļþµÄ應ÓóÌʽ£¬Ê¹ÓÃmakeºÍmakefile¹¤¾ß¾Í¿ÉÒÔ簡潔Ã÷¿ìµØÀí順¸÷個Ô´ÎļþÖ®間紛·±複雜µÄÏ໥關係¡£
¶øÇÒÈç´Ë¶àµÄÔ´Îļþ£¬Èç¹ûÿ´Î ¶¼Òª°´鍵輸ÈëgccÖ¸Áî進ÐÐ編譯µÄ話£¬ÄÇ對³ÌÐò員來說簡Ö±¾ÍÊÇÒ»場災難¡£¶ømake¹¤¾ß則¿É×Ô動Íê³É編譯¹¤×÷£¬並ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÖ»對³ÌÐò員ÔÚÉÏ´Î編譯ááÐÞ¸Ä過µÄ²¿·Ö進ÐÐ編譯¡£
Òò´Ë£¬ÓÐЧµÄÀûÓÃmakeºÍmakefile¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÌá¸ß項Ä¿開發µÄЧÂÊ¡£
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linuxÄÚºËÉý¼¶

Ò»¡¢×¼±¸¹¤×÷
Ê×ÏÈ˵Ã÷£¬ÏÂÃæ´ø#ºÅµÄÐж¼ÊÇÒªÊäÈëµÄÃüÁîÐУ¬ÇÒ±¾ÎÄÌáµ½µÄËùÓÐÃüÁîÐж¼ÔÚÖÕ¶ËÀïÊäÈë¡£Æô¶¯Linuxϵͳ£¬²¢ÓøùÓû§µÇ¼£¬½øÈëÖÕ¶ËģʽÏ¡£
1¡¢²é¿´LinuxÄں˰汾
# uname -a
Èç¹ûÆÁÄ»ÏÔʾµÄÊÇ2.6.x£¬ËµÃ÷ÄãµÄÒѾ­ÊÇ2.6µÄÄںˣ¬Ò²Óò»×Å¿´ÏÂÎÄÁË£¬¸Ã¸Éʲô¸Éʲôȥ°É£¡~~~Èç¹ûÏÔʾµÄÊÇ2.4.x£¬Äǹ§Ï²Ä㣬´³¹Øͨ¹ý£¬¸Ï¿ì½øÐÐÏÂÒ»²½¡£
2¡¢ÏÂÔØ2.6ÄÚºËÔ´Âë
ÏÂÔصØÖ·£ºhttp://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.24.tar.bz2
3¡¢ÏÂÔØÄÚºËÉý¼¶¹¤¾ß
(1)ÏÂÔØmodule-init-tools-3.2.tar.bz2
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/module-init-tools-3.2.tar.bz2
(2)ÏÂÔØmkinitrd-4.1.18-2.i386.rpm
http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/3/i386/RPMS.core/mkinitrd-4.1.18-2.i386.rpm
(3)ÏÂÔØlvm2-2.00.25-1.01.i386.rpm
http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/3/i386/RPMS.core/lvm2-2.00.25-1.01.i386.rpm
(4)ÏÂÔØdevice-mapper-1.00.19-2.i386.rpm
http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/3/i386/RPMS.core/device-mapper-1.00.19-2.i386.rpm
(2.6.18Äں˺ÍÕâ4¸öÉý¼¶¹¤¾ßÎÒ¶¼Óб¸·Ý£¬Èç¹ûÒÔÉÏÏÂÔصØַʧЧ£ ......

LINUXÏ°²×°XAMPP

      ½ñÌì°ÑPHP»·¾³»»µ½LINUXÀïÃæÀ´£¬ÓõÄÊÇLD 9.12.1ϵͳ¡£linuxºÜ¶à°²×°¸úÅäÖö¼ÐèÒªÔÚÖն˻·¾³ÏÂÍê³É,ËäÈ»ÉÏ´ÎÔÚYLMF OSÀïÃæ°²×°¹ý£¬¿ÉÊÇÄÇЩ´úÂ뻹ÊǼDz»ÇåÁË¡£¸ÐлÒòÌØÍøµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬ËæÊֹȸèһϾͻù±¾É϶¼ÕÒµ½ÁË¡£ÏÖÔÚ½«°²×°¹ý³Ì¼Ï£¬·½±ãÏ´εÄʱºò·­閲¡£
1.ÏÈÏÂÔØxampp¡£ÔÚ¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ÏÂÔصģ¬°æ±¾ºÅÊÇ1.7.3a¡£Ñ¹Ëõ°üΪxampp-linux-1.7.3a.tar.gz
2.ÏÂÔØÍêºó´ò¿ªÖնˣ¨LDΪXFCEÖնˣ¬ÔÚ¸½¼þÀïÃ棩ÇÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî½âѹ³öÀ´
    sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.7.3a.tar.gz -C /opt    »áÒªÇóÊäÈë¹ÜÀíÔ±ÃÜÂë
  (´ó¸ÅÒâ˼¾ÍÊǽâѹµ½/optĿ¼ÀïÃæµÄÒâ˼£¬¸Ð¾õlinux ÀïÃæºÃÏñ²»ÐèÒªÄÇЩÅäÖÃÎļþÖ±½Ó½âѹ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓÃËƵģ¬´¿ÂÌɫѽ£¬ºÇºÇ)
3.³öÏÖN¶à½âѹÌáʾºó£¬³¢ÊÔÆô¶¯Ò»ÏÂ
    sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start       (ΪʲôÊÇLAMPP ²»ÊÇXAMP£¿ ÓеãÆæ¹Ö£¡)
³öÏÖ£º
Starting XAMPP for Linux 1.7.3a...
XAMPP: Starting Apache with SSL (and PHP5)...
XAMPP: Starting MySQL...
XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...
XAMPP for Linux started.
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linuxÉ豸ģÐÍÏê½â¡¾×ª¡¿


 
    
Linux 2.6Äں˵ÄÒ»¸öÖØÒªÌØÉ«ÊÇÌṩÁËͳһµÄÄÚºËÉ豸ģÐÍ¡£Ëæ׿¼ÊõµÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½£¬ÏµÍ³µÄÍØÆ˽ṹԽÀ´Ô½¸´ÔÓ£¬¶ÔÖÇÄܵçÔ´¹ÜÀí¡¢ÈȲå°ÎÒÔ¼°plug and playµÄÖ§³ÖÒªÇóÒ²Ô½À´Ô½¸ß£¬2.4ÄÚºËÒѾ­ÄÑÒÔÂú×ãÕâЩÐèÇó¡£ÎªÊÊÓ¦ÕâÖÖÐÎÊƵÄÐèÒª£¬2.6Äں˿ª·¢ÁËȫеÄÉ豸ģÐÍ¡£
2.6 É豸ģÐÍÌṩÁËÕâ¸ö³éÏó. ÏÖÔÚËüÓÃÔÚÄÚºËÀ´Ö§³Ö¹ã·ºµÄÈÎÎñ, °üÀ¨:
µçÔ´¹ÜÀíºÍϵͳ¹Ø»ú
ÕâЩÐèÒªÒ»¸ö¶ÔϵͳµÄ½á¹¹µÄÀí½â. ÀýÈç, Ò»¸ö USB ËÞÖ÷ÊÊÅäÆ÷²»¿ÉÄܱ»¹Ø±Õ, ÔÚ´¦ÀíËùÓеÄÁ¬½Óµ½Õâ¸öÊÊÅäÆ÷µÄÉ豸֮ǰ. Õâ¸öÉ豸ģÐÍʹÄÜÁËÒ»¸ö°´ÕÕÕýȷ˳ÐòµÄϵͳӲ¼þµÄ±éÀú.
ÓëÓû§¿Õ¼äµÄͨѶ
sysfs ÐéÄâÎļþϵͳµÄʵÏÖ±»½ôÃܵØÀ¦°ó½øÉ豸ģÐÍ, ²¢ÇÒ±©Â¶ËüËù´ú±íµÄ½á¹¹. ¹ØÓÚϵͳµ½Óû§¿Õ¼äµÄÐÅÏ¢ÌṩºÍ¸Ä±ä²Ù×÷²ÎÊýµÄÐýŦÕýÔ½À´Ô½¶àµØͨ¹ý sysfs ºÍ ͨ¹ýÉ豸ģÐÍÀ´Íê³É.
¿ÉÈȲå°ÎÉ豸
¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þÕý¸ü¶àµØ¶¯Ì¬±ä»¯; ÍâÉè¿ÉÒòÓû§µÄһʱÄîÍ·¶ø½ø³ö. ÔÚÄÚºËÖÐʹÓõÄÀ´´¦ÀíºÍ(ÌرðµÄ)ÓëÓû§¿Õ¼ä¹ØÓÚÉ豸²åÈëºÍ°Î³öµÄͨѶ, ÊÇÓÉÉ豸ģÐÍÀ´¹ÜÀí.
É豸Àà±ð
ϵͳµÄÐí¶à²¿·Ö¶ÔÉ豸ÈçºÎÁ¬½ÓûÓÐÐËȤ, µ«ÊÇËüÃÇÐèÒªÖªµÀʲôÀàÐ͵ÄÉ豸¿ÉÓÃ. É豸ģÐÍ°üÀ¨Ò»¸ö»úÖÆÀ´·Ö ......

Unix/Linux µÄ LoadÎÊÌâ


Ô­ÎÄÍøÖ·: http://www.dbanotes.net/arch/unix_linux_load.html
      ¼¸ºõÿ¸ö½Ó´¥Àà Unix ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¹¤³Ìʦ¶¼ÖªµÀÈçºÎ²é¿´ÏµÍ³¸ºÔØ¡£µ«ÕⶫÎ÷µÄ¹¤×÷»úÀíµ½µ×ÊÇÔõÑùµÄ£¬¿ÉÄÜûÓжàÉÙÄÜ˵Çå³þ¡£¶Ô±ÈÁËһЩÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢£¬¼ÓÉÏ×Ô¼ºµÄÀí½â£¬×öһϱʼǡ£
ʲôÊÇ Load ? ʲôÊÇ Load Average ?
       Load ¾ÍÊǶԼÆËã»ú¸É»î¶àÉٵĶÈÁ¿(WikiPedia
: the system load is a measure of the amount of work that a computer system is doing)¡£Ò²Óмòµ¥µÄ˵Êǽø³Ì¶ÓÁеij¤¶È. Load Average ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä (1 ·ÖÖÓ¡¢5·ÖÖÓ¡¢15·ÖÖÓ) ÄÚƽ¾ù Load ¡£¡¾×îºÃµÄ²Î¿¼ÎÄÕ£ºUNIX® Load Average Part 1: How It Works
¡¿
ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö uptime ÃüÁîÊä³ö£º
$ uptime
18:57:48 up 423 days, 3:55, 2 users, load average: 1.16, 1.12, 1.20
      ¾¡¹Ü¸÷ÖÖÐÅÏ¢À´Ô´µÄ¶¨Ò嶼²»Ì«È·¶¨¡£ÄÜÈ·¶¨µÄÒ»¼þÊÂÇéÊÇ£¬Äã²»Äܾ«È·»ñÈ¡µ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ Load . ×îСµÄ¼ÆËãÁ£¶ÈÊÇ 5 ÃëÖÓ(CALC_LOAD ÿ 5HZ ¼ÆËãÒ»´Î
, 5HZ Ϊ 5ÃëÖÓ£¬ÕâÀïµÄ HZ ÊÇϵͳ¶¨ÒåµÄ±äÁ¿). ²Î¼û Linux Kernel Õâ¶Î´úÂë
:
869 ......

ÎÒµÄlinuxûÓÐÉùÒôÁË

Ç°Ì쿪»úʵȻûÓÐÉùÒôÁË£¬ÔõôŪҲ²»ÐУ¬ÔÚÂÛ̳¹ÒÁËÒ»¸öÌû×Ó£¬µ½ÏÖÔÚҲûÓÐÈ˻ظ´¡£×òÌìÂèÂè¹ýÉúÈÕÎÒ»ØÂè¼ÒÈ¥ÁË£¬½ñÌì²Å»ØÀ´¡£ÎÒ´ò¿ª»úÆ÷ÅÎÍûÄܺÃÆðÀ´£¬½á¹û»¹ÊÇûÓÐÉùÒô¡£
1¡¢ÔÚ¿ØÖÆ̨ÏÂÓÐÉùÒô
 control+alt+f1Çл»µ½¿ØÖÆ̨£¬Ö®ºómplayer /mnt/wine/music/*.mp3   ½á¹ûÓÐÉùÒô
2¡¢´´½¨ÐÂÓû§ÓÐÉùÒô
useradd -m  cdy  ££´´½¨Óû§
passwd cdy  #ÉèÖÃÃÜÂë
chmod  a=+rwx /home/cdy  ££¸ø×ãȨÏÞ£¬·½±ã²âÊÔ
×¢Ïúµ½ÄǸöÓû§£¬ÓÐÉùÒô£¬Ò²ºÜÕý³£¡£
3¡¢»Øµ½×°ÏµÍ³Ê±´´½¨µÄÓû§£¬»¹ÊÇûÓÐÉùÒô¡£ºóÀ´ÓÐÈË˵ÏÂÔØÒ»¸ögnome aslamix¡£
sudo apt-get install gnome-alsamix
ÎÒÊÔÁËһϻ¹ÊDz»ÐС£
4¡¢ÎÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÁËһϼÆËã»ú£¬Õâ»Ø²»ÊÇûÓÐÉùÒô£¬¶øÊÇÎØÎØÏ죬ÊDz»ÊÇÂó¿Ë·çµÄÊÂÇéÄØ£¿ÎÒ°ÎÁËÏÂÀ´£¬»¹ÊÇÏì¡£ÎÒÕý×¼±¸ÖØ×öϵͳ£¬Í»È»ÏëÊDz»ÊÇÉùÒô¿ØÖÆÀïµÄÊÂÇéÄØ£¿²»¹ýÎÒÊÇûÓÐÅö¹ýµÄ¡£ÎҵǼÁËװϵͳʱµÄÓû§£¬Ã»ÓÐÉùÒôÁË£¬¿´À´Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÕâ¶ùµÄÊÂÇé¡£
´ò¿ª“ϵͳ>Ê×Ñ¡Ïî>ÉùÒô"£¬ÂÒµãÒ»Æø£¬ºóÀ´ÔÚ£¬Ñ¡Ôñ£ºÊä³ö>Ñ¡ÔñÒôƵ>ÄÚ²¿ÒôƵAnalog stereo£¬·¢³öÁËÎØÎØÉùÏ죬·ÅÒ»¸öÒôÀÖºÃʹÁË£¬µ«ÎØÎØÉùÔõô°ìÄØ£¿ÎÒ´ò¿ªgnome alsamixer£¬ÔÚMicÉÏ´ ......
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