linuxϵÄed ±à¼Æ÷
ed ±à¼Æ÷ÊÇ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳÏÂ×î¼òµ¥µÄÎı¾±à¼Æ÷¡£ËüÊÇÒÔÐÐΪµ¥Î»¶ÔÎļþ½øÐÐ±à¼µÄ±à¼Æ÷£¬¶ø²»Ïñ MS-DOS ϵͳÏ嵀 edit ÄÇÑùÊÇÒÔÕû¸öÆÁÄ»¿ò¼ÜΪµ¥Î»¶ÔÎļþ½øÐб༵ġ£Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÄãÒѾϰ¹ßÁËʹÓà edit ÕâÖÖ·ç¸ñµÄ±à¼Æ÷£¬ÄÇôÄã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä²ÅÄÜϰ¹ß ed µÄ·ç¸ñ¡£µ«ÊÇÕâ²¢²»ÖØÒª£¬ÒòΪ ed µÄ¼ò±ãÐÔ¿ÉÒÔʹÄãºÜ¿ìÉÏÊֵġ£
ed ±à¼Æ÷µÄµ÷Óúܼòµ¥£¬Èç¹ûÄãÏëн¨Ò»¸öÎļþ£¬ÄÇôֻÐèÒªÔÚÃüÁîÐд°¿ÚÖÐÇÃÈë ed È»ºó°´Ï»سµ¼ü¼´¿É£º
[titan@localhost titan]$ ed <-
Èç¹ûÄãÏë±à¼Ò»¸öÒѾ´æÔÚµÄÎļþ£¬ÄÇôÄãÖ»ÒªÔÚ ed µÄºóÃæ¿ÕÒ»¸ö£¬È»ºóÇÃÈëÎļþÃû¼´¿É£º
[titan@localhost titan]$ ed filename <-
¼¤»î ed ÃüÁîºó½øÈëµÄÊÇ ed ±à¼Æ÷µÄÃüÁîÐÐ״̬£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜʹһЩ³õѧÕßÓÐЩ²»Ï°¹ß£¬Èç¹ûÄãÕâʱºòËæ±ãÇÃÈëһЩÄÚÈÝ£¬ÏµÍ³»á·µ»ØÒ»¸ö ?£¬±íʾ²»ÖªµÀÄãÒªÖ´ÐÐʲôÈÎÎñ£º
[titan@localhost titan]$ ed <-
abcde <-
?
ÕâʱºòÄãÒªÃ÷È·¼¸¸ö±à¼Æ÷ÃüÁËüÃÇÊÇ£º
a - ÔÚÎļþµÄĩβÌí¼ÓÐÂÄÚÈÝ
i - ÔÚÎļþµÄ×îºóÒ»ÐÐ֮ǰ²åÈëÐÂÄÚÈÝ
o - °ÑÎļþÊäÈëµÄ×îºóÒ»ÐУ¨²»ÂÛÊÇÔÀ´´æÔڵĻòÕß²åÈëµÄ£©Ìæ»»³ÉÐÂÄÚÈÝ
. - Í˳ö±à¼Îļþģʽ½øÈ ......
¹ÜµÀÊÇLinuxÖкÜÖØÒªµÄÒ»ÖÖͨÐÅ·½Ê½,ÊǰÑÒ»¸ö³ÌÐòµÄÊä³öÖ±½ÓÁ¬½Óµ½ÁíÒ»¸ö³ÌÐòµÄÊäÈë,³£ËµµÄ¹ÜµÀ¶àÊÇÖ¸ÎÞÃû¹ÜµÀ,ÎÞÃû¹ÜµÀÖ»ÄÜÓÃÓÚ¾ßÓÐÇ×Ôµ¹ØÏµµÄ½ø³ÌÖ®¼ä£¬ÕâÊÇËüÓëÓÐÃû¹ÜµÀµÄ×î´óÇø±ð¡£
ÓÐÃû¹ÜµÀ½Ðnamed pipe»òÕßFIFO(ÏȽøÏȳö)£¬¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êýmkfifo()´´½¨¡£
Linux¹ÜµÀµÄʵÏÖ»úÖÆ
ÔÚLinuxÖУ¬¹ÜµÀÊÇÒ»ÖÖʹÓ÷dz£Æµ·±µÄͨÐÅ»úÖÆ¡£´Ó±¾ÖÊÉÏ˵£¬¹ÜµÀÒ²ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÎļþ£¬µ«ËüÓÖºÍÒ»°ãµÄÎļþÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬¹ÜµÀ¿ÉÒÔ¿Ë·þʹÓÃÎļþ½øÐÐͨÐŵÄÁ½¸öÎÊÌ⣬¾ßÌå±íÏÖΪ£º
· ÏÞÖÆ¹ÜµÀµÄ´óС¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬¹ÜµÀÊÇÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨´óСµÄ»º³åÇø¡£ÔÚLinuxÖУ¬¸Ã»º³åÇøµÄ´óСΪ1Ò³£¬¼´4K×Ö½Ú£¬Ê¹µÃËüµÄ´óС²»ÏóÎļþÄÇÑù²»¼Ó¼ìÑ鵨Ôö³¤¡£Ê¹ Óõ¥¸ö¹Ì¶¨»º³åÇøÒ²»á´øÀ´ÎÊÌ⣬±ÈÈçÔÚд¹ÜµÀʱ¿ÉÄܱäÂú£¬µ±ÕâÖÖÇé¿ö·¢Éúʱ£¬Ëæºó¶Ô¹ÜµÀµÄwrite()µ÷Óý«Ä¬Èϵر»×èÈû£¬µÈ´ýijЩÊý¾Ý±»¶ÁÈ¡£¬ÒÔ±ãÌÚ ³ö×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼ä¹©write()µ÷ÓÃд¡£
· ¶ÁÈ¡½ø³ÌÒ²¿ÉÄܹ¤×÷µÃ±Èд½ø³Ì¿ì¡£µ±ËùÓе±Ç°½ø³ÌÊý¾ÝÒѱ»¶Áȡʱ£¬¹ÜµÀ±ä¿Õ¡£µ±ÕâÖÖÇé¿ö·¢Éúʱ£¬Ò»¸öËæºóµÄread()µ÷Óý«Ä¬Èϵر»×èÈû£¬µÈ´ýijЩÊý¾Ý±»Ð´È룬Õâ½â¾öÁËread()µ÷Ó÷µ»ØÎļþ½áÊøµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
×¢Ò⣺´Ó¹ÜµÀ¶ÁÊý¾ÝÊÇÒ»´ÎÐÔ²Ù×÷£¬Êý¾ÝÒ»µ©±» ......
Èç¹ûÊÇwinϵģ¬ÎÒ¸öÈËÍÆ¼öËÑË÷ÏÂÒ»¼ü°²×°°ü£¡ÎÒÓõľÍÊÇphp+mysql£¨×÷Õ߽УºÑ§Ï°À×·æºÃ°ñÑù£© °²×°Ò»ÏÂÈ«¶¼¿ÉÒÔÕý³£Ê¹ÓÃÁË£¬²»ÐèÒªµ÷Õû£¡
ÏÂÃæÊÇLinuxϰ²×°·½·¨£¡
¡¡1¡¢ÏÂÔØMySQLµÄ°²×°Îļþ
¡¡¡¡°²×°MySQLÐèÒªÏÂÃæÁ½¸öÎļþ£º
¡¡¡¡MySQL-server-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
¡¡¡¡MySQL-client-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
¡¡¡¡ÏÂÔØµØÖ·Îª£ºhttp://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html£¬´ò¿ª´ËÍøÒ³£¬ÏÂÀÍøÒ³ÕÒµ½“Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 RPM (x86) downloads”ÏÕÒµ½“Server”ºÍ“Client programs”ÏÏÂÔØÐèÒªµÄÉÏÊöÁ½¸örpmÎļþ¡£
¡¡¡¡2¡¢°²×°MySQL
¡¡¡¡rpmÎļþÊÇRed Hat¹«Ë¾¿ª·¢µÄÈí¼þ°²×°°ü£¬rpm¿ÉÈÃLinuxÔÚ°²×°Èí¼þ°üʱÃâ³ýÐí¶à¸´ÔÓµÄÊÖÐø¡£¸ÃÃüÁîÔÚ°²×°Ê±³£ÓõIJÎÊýÊÇ –ivh ,ÆäÖÐi±íʾ½«°²×°Ö¸¶¨µÄrmpÈí¼þ°ü£¬V±íʾ°²×°Ê±µÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬h±íʾÔÚ°²×°ÆÚ¼ä³öÏÖ“#”·ûºÅÀ´ÏÔʾĿǰµÄ°²×°¹ý³Ì¡£Õâ¸ö·ûºÅ½«³ÖÐøµ½°²×°Íê³Éºó²ÅÍ£Ö¹¡£
¡¡¡¡1£©°²×°·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÓÐÁ½¸örmpÎļþµÄĿ¼ÏÂÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁ
¡¡¡¡[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
²âÊÔÊÇ·ñ³É¹¦¿ÉÔËÐÐ ......
Èç¹ûÊÇwinϵģ¬ÎÒ¸öÈËÍÆ¼öËÑË÷ÏÂÒ»¼ü°²×°°ü£¡ÎÒÓõľÍÊÇphp+mysql£¨×÷Õ߽УºÑ§Ï°À×·æºÃ°ñÑù£© °²×°Ò»ÏÂÈ«¶¼¿ÉÒÔÕý³£Ê¹ÓÃÁË£¬²»ÐèÒªµ÷Õû£¡
ÏÂÃæÊÇLinuxϰ²×°·½·¨£¡
¡¡1¡¢ÏÂÔØMySQLµÄ°²×°Îļþ
¡¡¡¡°²×°MySQLÐèÒªÏÂÃæÁ½¸öÎļþ£º
¡¡¡¡MySQL-server-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
¡¡¡¡MySQL-client-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
¡¡¡¡ÏÂÔØµØÖ·Îª£ºhttp://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html£¬´ò¿ª´ËÍøÒ³£¬ÏÂÀÍøÒ³ÕÒµ½“Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 RPM (x86) downloads”ÏÕÒµ½“Server”ºÍ“Client programs”ÏÏÂÔØÐèÒªµÄÉÏÊöÁ½¸örpmÎļþ¡£
¡¡¡¡2¡¢°²×°MySQL
¡¡¡¡rpmÎļþÊÇRed Hat¹«Ë¾¿ª·¢µÄÈí¼þ°²×°°ü£¬rpm¿ÉÈÃLinuxÔÚ°²×°Èí¼þ°üʱÃâ³ýÐí¶à¸´ÔÓµÄÊÖÐø¡£¸ÃÃüÁîÔÚ°²×°Ê±³£ÓõIJÎÊýÊÇ –ivh ,ÆäÖÐi±íʾ½«°²×°Ö¸¶¨µÄrmpÈí¼þ°ü£¬V±íʾ°²×°Ê±µÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬h±íʾÔÚ°²×°ÆÚ¼ä³öÏÖ“#”·ûºÅÀ´ÏÔʾĿǰµÄ°²×°¹ý³Ì¡£Õâ¸ö·ûºÅ½«³ÖÐøµ½°²×°Íê³Éºó²ÅÍ£Ö¹¡£
¡¡¡¡1£©°²×°·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÓÐÁ½¸örmpÎļþµÄĿ¼ÏÂÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁ
¡¡¡¡[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.26-0.i386.rpm
²âÊÔÊÇ·ñ³É¹¦¿ÉÔËÐÐ ......
²é¿´·¢ÐаæÐÅÏ¢£º
lsb_release -a Õâ¸ö×îÏêϸ
²é¿´Äں˺ͲÙ×÷ϵͳλÊý£º
uname -a
64λ²Ù×÷ϵͳÓÐÀàËÆÐÅÏ¢£º.... x86_64 x86_64 x86_64...
32λ²Ù×÷ϵͳÓÐÀàËÆÐÅÏ¢£º.... i686 i686 i386...
²é¿´cpuÐÅÏ¢£º
more /proc/cpuinfo
²é¿´ºÍ¿ØÖÆÏµÍ³·þÎñ£¨Èç iptables·À»ðǽµÄ¿ªºÍ¹Ø£©£º
chkconfig ²é¿´ºÍÉ趨·þÎñÔÚ²»Í¬ÔËÐм¶±ðµÄ¿ªºÍ¹Ø
service ²é¿´ºÍ²Ù×÷·þÎñ
²é¿´½ø³Ì¿ªÆôµÄÏß³ÌÊý£º
more /proc/<pid>/status ThreadsÏÔʾµÄ¾ÍÊǽø³Ì´´½¨µÄÏß³ÌÊý
ps -eLf | grep <pid> NLWPÀ¸Ä¿ÏÔʾµÄ¾ÍÊÇÏß³ÌÊý
²é¿´½ø³ÌÕ¼ÓõÄÎļþ¾ä±úÊý£º
lsof -p <pid>
²é¿´ÏµÍ³µÄioÕ¼ÓÃÇé¿ö£º
iostat 2 2000 »òÕß iostat -x 2 2000
Èçiostatδ°²×°£¬¿Éͨ¹ý yum install sysstat°²×°
¼à¿ØÏµÍ³CPU¡¢ÄÚ´æÊ¹Óãº
top '-c' Ñ¡ÏîÏÔʾÕû¸öÃüÁîÐжø²»Ö»ÊÇÏÔʾÃüÁîÃû
free ÏÔʾϵͳ¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æÊý£¬buffers/cacheÐеÄfreeÏî²ÅÊÇÓû§ÕæÊµ¿ÉÓõÄfreeÄÚ´æÊý
dos»»ÐÐÎı¾µ½unix»»ÐÐÎı¾£º
dos2unix
grubÅäÖÃ³ÉÆô¶¯µ½level3£º
±à¼grub.conf
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17 ro root=/dev/hda6 3
ÍøÂçdnsÅäÖãº
/etc/resolv.conf ......
LinuxʹÓôÓ1970Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕ0ʱ0·Ö0ÃëÆðµ½¿ª»úʱ¾¹ýµÄÃëÊý×÷Ϊ¿ª»úʱ¼ä, ÊÇÔÚmain.cºÍmktime.cÖнøÐгõʼ»¯µÄ.
1. linux/init/main.c
/*
* read current time from CMOS.
* ·ÃÎÊCMOSÐèҪͨ¹ý¶Ë¿Ú0x70, 0x71½øÐÐ.
* ¶ÁÊý¾Ýʱ,ÏÈÓÃOUTÖ¸ÁîÏò0x70·¢ËÍÒª¶ÁÈ¡×Ö½ÚµÄÆ«ÒÆÎ»ÖÃÖµ, È»ºóÓÃINÖ¸Áî´Ó0x71¶ÁÊý¾Ý.
* дÊý¾ÝʱҲһÑù, ÏÈÏò0x70·¢ËÍÆ«ÒÆÖµ, È»ºóÓÃOUTÖ¸ÁîÏò0x71¶Ë¿Ú·¢ËÍÊý¾Ý.
*/
#define CMOS_READ(addr) ({ \
outb_p(0x80|addr,0x70); \
inb_p(0x71); \
})
/*
* CMOS ×Ö½ÚÐÅÏ¢:
* 0x00 - µ±Ç°Ãë. 0x02 - µ±Ç°·Ö. 0x04 - µ±Ç°Ð¡Ê±. 0x06 - Ò»ÖÜÖеĵ±Ç°Ìì.
* 0x07 - Ò»ÔÂÖеĵ±Ç°ÈÕÆÚ. 0x08 - µ±Ç°Ô·Ý. 0x09 - µ±Ç°Äê·Ý
*/
/* ½«È¡µÃµÄBCDÂëת»»ÎªÊýÖµ */
#define BCD_TO_BIN(val) ((val)=((val)&15) + ((val)>>4)*10)
/*
*& ......
1.Ìí¼Órpm fusionÔ´
rpm -ivh
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
2.µ¼Èërpm fusion²Ö¿âµÄÃÜÔ¿
rpm --import http://ATrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
3.ÐÞ¸ÄÃÜÔ¿Îļþ
gedit /etc/yum.conf
ÔÚ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþβ²¿Ìí¼ÓÏÂÃæ¼¸ÐУº
[atrpms]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - ATrpms
baseurl=http://dl.atrpms.net/f$releasever-$basearch/atrpms/stable
gpgkey=http://ATrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
gpgcheck=1
4.Ìí¼ÓadobeÈí¼þ²Ö²¢µ¼ÈëÃÜÔ¿
rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
5.Ìí¼ÓÉϺ£½»´óµÄyum Ô´
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/sjtu.repo #²»Ï²»¶ÓÃvim µÄÈËÇëÓÃgedit
ÔÚ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþÖÐÌí¼ÓÈçÏÂÐУº
[fedora]
name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=ftp://openware.byr.edu.cn/pub/mirror/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch ......