?????

?(??)??????????????????????????2040?2/3?????

?(??)??????????????????????????2040?2/3?????????

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1?????2????????3???????????4?(??)????????????????(Graham-Steell)5?

(1)X??(????????????(2)??PP???Pavl>1.0mVRavR.0.5mV

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1??????????2???????????????3?

(1)X????(2)????(3)???M??

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??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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1. ???cardiogenic shock??????????????????????????????????????????????????
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2. ???hypovolemic shock??????????????????????????????????????????????????
3. ???septic shock?????????????????????...

??:???,??.?????,?,???,??;???,??;?,?(????)??.?????,?,???,?????,???.???.

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1.??

1???????

1?????????????????????????????

2???????????????30min?????????????????????????????

3????1-2min??????????????????????????????

4???????

2??????????????...

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    2?????????????????????????????

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