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????????????????????????????????????????

??

????????75?????????????
(?)???300mmH2O??????????????
()?????31g/L????????
()????????????????7-11L?1-3L??????????
()????
()???
()?????????????-???????
??????????????

??????????

1??????????????????????????????????????

2????????????????????????????????????

3???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

4??????????????????????????????????????????????

5???????????????????????????????????????????????????

6??????????????????????????????????...

????,??,???,??????????????????,30~~60,??????,??,???????,??
??????????????,????,????,?????,????????????,??,????,????,?????,?????,?,?????,???, ???????,????
???,???????,?,????,?,??,???
???????
??,?????,????50%????,??????????,???,1/3?,????,???,?????
???
???????,?,?????????70% ????? ??,????,???????????,?...

??hyperemia

??????

???

?congestion

1.??k?????????????

2.?

3.?R???



4.?????????

5.???

??

?: ?

?:

?????

??????

????

??

?? brown induration of lung

??R???

??

?: ?
?:
: ?????
????
?????
?Nutmeg liver

?? ???
???
??hyperemia

??????

???

?congestion

1....