OracleÖ®¹ÜÀíȨÏÞ
ȨÏÞ(Privilege)ÊÇÖ¸Ö´ÐÐÌØ¶¨ÀàÐÍSQLÃüÁî»ò·ÃÎÊÆäËû·½°¸¶ÔÏóµÄȨÀû,ȨÏÞ°üÀ¨ÏµÍ³È¨Ï޺ͶÔÏóȨÏÞÁ½ÖÖÀàÐÍ.ϵͳȨÏÞ(System Privilege)ÊÇÖ¸Ö´ÐÐÌØ¶¨ÀàÐÍSQLÃüÁîµÄȨÀû,ËüÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆÓû§¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐеÄÒ»¸ö»òÒ»×éÊý¾Ý¿â²Ù×÷.³£ÓõÄϵͳȨÏÞ:
CREATE SESSION Á¬½Óµ½Êý¾Ý¿â
CREATE TABLE ½¨±í
CREATE VIEW ½¨Á¢ÊÓͼ
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM ½¨Á¢Í¬Òå´Ê
CREATE SEQUENCE ½¨Á¢ÐòÁÐ
CREATE PROCEDURE ½¨Á¢¹ý³Ì,º¯ÊýºÍ°ü
CREATE TRIGGER ½¨Á¢´¥·¢Æ÷
CREATE CLUSTER ½¨Á¢´Ø
CREATE TYPE ½¨Á¢¶ÔÏóÀàÐÍ
CREATE DATABASE LINK ½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý¿âÁ´
ÁíÍâ,oracle»¹ÌṩÁËÒ»ÀàANYϵͳȨÏÞ,µ±Óû§¾ßÓиÃÀàϵͳȨÏÞʱ,¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκη½°¸ÖÐÖ´ÐÐÏàÓ¦²Ù×÷.Èç¹ûÓû§¾ßÓÐSELECT ANY TABLEϵͳȨÏÞ,ÄÇôÓû§¿ÉÒÔ²éѯÈκη½°¸µÄ±í.
ÐèҪעÒâ,µ±³õʼ»¯²ÎÊýO7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY±»ÉèÖÃΪFALSEʱ,³ýÁËSYSDBAºÍDBAÓû§Íâ,¼´Ê¹Óû§¾ßÓÐSELECT ANY TABLEȨÏÞ,Ò²²»ÄÜ·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý×Öµä»ù±íºÍÊý¾Ý×ÖµäÊÓͼDBA_XXX.
¶ÔÏóȨÏÞ(Object privilege)ÊÇÖ¸·ÃÎÊÆäËû·½°¸¶ÔÏóµÄȨÀû,ËüÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆÓû§¶ÔÆäËû·½°¸¶ÔÏóµÄ·ÃÎÊ.
¹ÜÀíϵͳȨÏÞ
ÊÚÓèϵͳȨÏÞ
GRANT system_priv[,system_priv,…]
To {user | role | PUBLIC},[,{user | role | PUBLIC} ] …
[WITH ADMIN OPTION];
System_priv ÓÃÓÚÖ¸¶¨ÏµÍ³È¨ÏÞ.ÊÚȨÓû§×éPUBLIC,ÔÚÊÚÓèϵͳȨÏÞʱ¿ÉÒÔ´øÓÐWITH ADMIN OPTIONÑ¡Ïî,´øÓиÃÑ¡Ïîºó,±»ÊÚȨµÄÓû§,½ÇÉ«»¹¿ÉÒÔ½«ÏàÓ¦µÄȨÏÞÊÚÓèÆäËûÓû§,½ÇÉ«.ÐèҪעÒâ,ϵͳȨÏÞUNLIMITED TABLESPACE²»ÄÜÊÚÓè½ÇÉ«.
CRANT CREATE SESSION,CREATE TABLE TO blake WITH ADMIN OPTION;
GRANT GREATE VIEW TO blake;
ÏÔʾϵͳȨÏÞ.
1,ÏÔʾËùÓÐϵͳȨÏÞ.
SELECT name from system_privilege_map;
2,ÏÔʾÓû§»ò½ÇÉ«Ëù¾ßÓеÄϵͳȨÏÞ.
²éѯÊý¾Ý×ÖµäÊÓͼDBA_SYS_PRIVS,¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾËùÓÐÓû§»ò½ÇÉ«Ëù¾ßÓеÄϵͳȨÏÞ.ͨ¹ý²éѯÊý¾Ý×ÖµäÊÓͼUSER_SYS_PRIVS,¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾµ±Ç°Óû§Ëù¾ßÓеÄϵͳȨÏÞ.
SELECT * from dba_sys_privs WHERE GRANTEE=’BLAKE’;
GRANTEEÓÃÓÚ±êʶȨÏÞÓµÓÐÕß(Óû§»ò½ÇÉ«),PRIVILEGEÓÃÓÚ±êʶϵͳȨÏÞ.ADMIN_OPTIONÓÃÓÚ±êʶϵͳȨÏÞ´«ÊÚÑ¡Ïî,ÆäÖÐYES±íʾ¿ÉÒÔתÊÚ¸ÃϵͳȨÏÞ,NO±íʾ²»ÄÜתÊÚ¸ÃϵͳȨÏÞ.
3,ÏÔʾµ±Ç°»á»°Ëù¾ßÓеÄϵͳȨÏÞ.
ͨ¹ý²éѯÊý¾Ý×ÖµäÊÓͼsession_privs,¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾµ±Ç°»á»°Ëù¾ßÓеÄϵͳȨÏÞ.
SELECT * from session_privs;
ÊÕ»ØÏµÍ³È¨ÏÞ
ÊÕ»ØÏµÍ³È¨ÏÞÒ»°ãÊÇ
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
v$database Êý¾Ý¿âÐÅÏ¢
v$datafile Êý¾ÝÎļþÐÅÏ¢
v$controlfile ¿ØÖÆÎļþÐÅÏ¢
v$logfile ÖØ×öÈÕÖ¾ÐÅÏ¢
v$instance Êý¾Ý¿âʵÀýÐÅÏ¢
v$log ÈÕÖ¾×éÐÅÏ¢
v$loghist ÈÕÖ¾ÀúÊ·ÐÅÏ¢
v$sga Êý¾Ý¿âSGAÐÅÏ¢
v$parameter ³õʼ»¯²ÎÊýÐÅÏ¢
v$process Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷½ø³ÌÐÅÏ¢
v$bgprocess Êý¾Ý¿âºǫ́½ø³ÌÐÅÏ¢
v$controlfil ......
1¡¢Ê²Ã´ÊÇÉó¼Æ
É󼯣¨Audit)ÓÃÓÚ¼àÊÓÓû§ËùÖ´ÐеÄÊý¾Ý¿â²Ù×÷£¬²¢ÇÒOracle»á½«É󼯏ú×Ù½á¹û´æ·Åµ½OSÎļþ£¨Ä¬ÈÏλÖÃΪ$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump/£©»òÊý¾Ý¿â£¨´æ´¢ÔÚsystem±í¿Õ¼äÖÐµÄ SYS.AUD$±íÖУ¬¿Éͨ¹ýÊÓͼdba_audit_trail²é¿´£©ÖС£Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏÂÉó¼ÆÊÇûÓпªÆôµÄ¡£
²»¹ÜÄãÊÇ·ñ´ò¿ªÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÉ󼯹¦ÄÜ£¬ÒÔÏÂÕâЩ ......
oracleÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½·ÖΪ²Ù×÷ϵͳÈÏÖ¤ºÍ¿ÚÁîÎļþÈÏÖ¤2ÖÖ·½Ê½£¬²Ù×÷ϵͳÈÏÖ¤ÓÐʱºòÒ²½Ð±¾µØÈÏÖ¤¡£
££²Ù×÷ϵͳÈÏÖ¤:¼´oracleÈÏΪ²Ù×÷ϵͳÓû§Êǿɿ¿µÄ£¬¼´¼ÈÈ»Äܵǽµ½²Ù×÷ϵͳÄÇôoracleÊý¾Ý¿âÄãÒ²Äܵǽ
££¿ÚÁîÎļþÈÏÖ¤£ºoracleÈÏÖ¤ÈÏΪ²Ù×÷ϵͳÓû§ÊDz»¿ÉÐÅÈεģ¬Èç¹ûÒª·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿â£¬±ØÐë½øÐÐÔÙ´ÎÈÏÖ¤¡£
¾ßÌåʵÏÖÈçÏ£º
......
ʹÓÃEXP
EXPÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî
1,BUFFER
¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÓÃÓÚÖ¸¶¨ÌáÈ¡ÐÐÊý¾ÝʱµÄ»º³åÇø³ß´ç.ͨ¹ýÉèÖøÃÑ¡Ïî,¿ÉÒÔÈ·¶¨µ¼³öʱÊý¾ÝÌáÆð³ß´ç.¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÖ»ÊÊÓÃÓÚ³£¹æÑ¡Ïî.
Exp scott/tiger tables=dept,emp file=a.dmp buffer=81920
2,COMPRESS
¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÓÃÓÚÖ¸¶¨µ¼Èë¹ÜÀí³õÊ¼Çø(INITIAL)µÄ·½·¨.ĬÈÏֵΪY.µ±ÉèÖøÃÑ¡ÏîΪYʱ,oracle»á½ ......
Ô¤¶¨Òå½ÇÉ«ÊÇoracleÌṩµÄ½ÇÉ«,ÕâЩ½ÇÉ«ÊÇÔÚ½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý¿â,°²×°Êý¾Ý×ÖµäÊÓͼºÎPL/SQL°üʱ½¨Á¢µÄ,²¢ÇÒÿÖÖ½ÇÉ«¶¼ÓÃÓÚÖ´ÐÐÒ»Ð©ÌØ¶¨¹ÜÀíÈÎÎñ.
1,CONNECT½ÇÉ«
CONNECT½ÇɫʱÔÚ½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý¿âʱ,oracleÖ´Ðнű¾SQL.BSQ×Ô¶¯½¨Á¢µÄ½ÇÉ«,¸Ã½ÇÉ«¾ßÓÐÓ¦Óÿª·¢ÈËÔ±ËùÐèµÄ¶àÊýȨÏÞ.CONNECT½ÇÉ«¾ßÓеÄËùÓÐϵͳȨÏÞÈçÏÂ:
ALTER SESS ......