oracle的逻辑结构和物理结构
1、数据库的逻辑结构和物理结构：
Oracle logically divides the database into a smaller units to manage ,store,and retreive
data efficently.
Tablespace\Blocks\Extents\segment\
有四种segment:
data segment、Index segment、Temporay segment、Rollback Segment
temporary segment:
Are created when Oracle needs a temporary work area,such as for sorting,during a query,
to complete execution of a SQL statement.These segments are freed when the execution completes.
Rollback segment：Used to store undo information.When you roll back the changes madde to the
database,the information in the rollback segment is used to undo the changes.
The physical daabase structure consists of three types of physcial files
data files
control files
redo log files
The control file contains the database name and timestamp of database creation as well as the name and location of every data file and redo log file.
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extent--最小空间分配单位 --tablespace management
block --最小i/o单位 --segment management
create tablespace james
datafile '/export/home/oracle/oradata/james.dbf'
size 100M --初始的文件大小
autoextend On --自动增长
next 10M� ......
物化视图是一种特殊的物理表，“物化”(Materialized)视图是相对普通视图而言的。普通视图是虚拟表，应用的局限性大，任何对视图的查询，Oracle都实际上转换为视图SQL语
句的查询。这样对整体查询性能的提高，并没有实质上的好处。
Oracle最早在OLAP系统中引入了物化视图的概念。但后来很多大型OLTP系统中 ......
/*不带任何参数存储过程(输出系统日期)*/
create or replace procedure output_date is
begin
dbms_output.put_line(sysdate);
end output_date;
/*带参数in和out的存储过程*/
create or replace procedure get_username(v_id in number,v_username out varchar2)
as
begin
select username into v_usern ......
select lower( column_name) ||','||'--'||comments
from user_col_comments c
where c.table_name = upper('acc_fundcap')
SELECT * from USER_TAB_COMMENTS WHERE TABLE_NAME='T_META';
INSERT INTO 表名(字段名1, 字段名2) SELECT 字段名1, 字段名2 from 另外的表名; ......
先看下面的例子:oracle中两个系统表.emp,dept.
example:
1:not exists(not in)
not exists:
这条语句返回select * from scott.dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.deptno=10条件满足的结果集.也就是说,
返回的结果集中不存在d.deptno=10结果集的记录,即emp表中没有dept表中d.deptno=10的记录.
SQL& ......
