如何看懂ORACLE执行计划

如何看懂ORACLE执行计划
一、什么是执行计划
An explain plan is a representation of the access path that is taken when a query is executed within Oracle.
二、如何访问数据
At the physical level Oracle reads blocks of data. The smallest amount of data read is a single Oracle block, the largest is constrained by operating system limits (and multiblock i/o). Logically Oracle finds the data to read by using the following methods:
Full Table Scan (FTS)    --全表扫描
Index Lookup (unique & non-unique)    --索引扫描（唯一和非唯一）
Rowid    --物理行id
三、执行计划层次关系
When looking at a plan, the rightmost (ie most inndented) uppermost operation is the first thing that is executed. --采用最右最上最先执行的原则看层次关系，在同一级如果某个动作没有子ID就最先执行
1.一个简单的例子：
SQL> select  /*+parallel (e 4)*/  *  from  emp  e;
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
   0      SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=82 Bytes=7134)
   1    0   TABLE ACCESS* (FULL) OF 'EMP' (Cost=1 Card=82 Bytes=7134):Q5000
--[:Q5000]表示是并行方式
   1 PARALLEL_TO_SERIAL            SELECT /*+ NO_EXPAND ROWID(A1) */ A1."EMPNO"
                                   ,A1."ENAME",A1."JOB",A1."MGR",A1."HI
优化模式是CHOOSE的情况下，看Cost参数是否有值来决定采用CBO还是RBO：
SELECT STATEMENT [CHOOSE] Cost=1234 --Cost有值，采用CBO
SELECT STATEMENT [CHOOSE]           --Cost为空，采用RBO(9I是如此显示的)
2.层次的父子关系的例子：
PARENT1
**FIRST CHILD
****FIRST GRANDCHILD
**SECOND CHILD
Here the same principles apply