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Quote:
A
segmentation fault (often shortened to segfault) is a particular error
condition that can occur during the operation of computer software. In
short, a segmentation fault occurs when a program attempts to access a
memory location that it is not allowed to access, or attempts to access
a memory location in a way that is not allowed (e.g., attempts to write
to a read-only location, or to overwrite part of the operating system).
Systems based on processors like the Motorola 68000 tend to refer to
these events as Address or Bus errors.
Segmentation is one
approach to memory management and protection in the operating system.
It has been superseded by paging for most purposes, but much of the
terminology of segmentation is still used, "segmentation fault" being
an example. Some operating systems still have segmentation at some
logical level although paging is used as the main memory management
policy.
On Unix-like operating systems, a process that accesses
invalid memory receives the SIGSEGV signal. On Microsoft Windows, a
process that accesses invalid memory receives the
STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION exception.
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