̽Ë÷ Linux ÄÚ´æÄ£ÐÍ
ÎÄÕÂÀ´Ô´:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-memmod/index.html
¼¶±ð£º ³õ¼¶
Vikram Shukla (vikshukl@in.ibm.com), Èí¼þ¹¤³Ìʦ, IBM
2006 Äê 2 ÔÂ 23 ÈÕ
ÔÚÕâƪ Linux® ÄÚ´æÄ£ÐÍÖ¸ÄÏÖУ¬ÎÒÃǽ«Ñ§Ï°ÈçºÎ¹¹½¨ºÍ¹ÜÀíÄÚ´æ·½ÃæµÄ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶¡£±¾Ö¸ÄϽéÉÜÁËÄÚ´æ¿ØÖƵ¥Ôª¡¢·ÖҳģÐÍ·½ÃæµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬²¢Ïêϸ½éÉÜÁËÎïÀíÄÚ´æÇøÓò·½ÃæµÄ֪ʶ¡£
Àí½â Linux ʹÓõÄÄÚ´æÄ£ÐÍÊÇ´Ó¸ü´ó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÕÆÎÕ Linux Éè¼ÆºÍʵÏֵĵÚÒ»²½£¬Òò´Ë±¾ÎĽ«¸ÅÊö Linux ÄÚ´æÄ£Ðͺ͹ÜÀí¡£
Linux ʹÓõÄÊǵ¥Ò»ÕûÌåʽ½á¹¹ (Monolithic)£¬ÆäÖж¨ÒåÁËÒ»×éÔÓï»òϵͳµ÷ÓÃÒÔʵÏÖ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ·þÎñ£¬ÀýÈçÔÚ¼¸¸öÄ£¿éÖÐÒÔ³¬¼¶Ä£Ê½ÔËÐеĽø³Ì¹ÜÀí¡¢²¢·¢¿ØÖƺÍÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀí·þÎñ¡£¾¡¹Ü³öÓÚ¼æÈÝÐÔ¿¼ÂÇ£¬Linux ÒÀÈ»½«¶Î¿ØÖƵ¥ÔªÄ£ÐÍ (segment control unit model) ±£³ÖÒ»ÖÖ·ûºÅ±íʾ£¬µ«Êµ¼ÊÉÏÒѾºÜÉÙʹÓÃÕâÖÖÄ£ÐÍÁË¡£
ÓëÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀíÓйصÄÖ÷ÒªÎÊÌâÓУº
ÐéÄâÄÚ´æµÄ¹ÜÀí£¬ÕâÊǽéÓÚÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÇëÇóÓëÎïÀíÄÚ´æÖ®¼äµÄÒ»¸öÂß¼²ã¡£
ÎïÀíÄÚ´æµÄ¹ÜÀí¡£
ÄÚºËÐéÄâÄÚ´æµÄ¹ÜÀí/ÄÚºËÄÚ´æ·ÖÅäÆ÷£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÓÃÀ´Âú×ã¶ÔÄÚ´æµÄÇëÇóµÄ×é¼þ¡£ÕâÖÖ¶ÔÄÚ´æµÄÇëÇó¿ÉÄÜÀ´×ÔÓÚÄںˣ¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÀ´×ÔÓÚÓû§¡£
ÐéÄâµØÖ·¿Õ¼äµÄ¹ÜÀí¡£
½»»»ºÍ»º´æ¡£
±¾ÎÄ̽ÌÖÁËÒÔÏÂÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄú´Ó²Ù×÷ϵͳÖÐÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀíµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´Àí½â Linux µÄÄÚÄ»£º
¶Î¿ØÖƵ¥ÔªÄ£ÐÍ£¬Í¨³£×¨ÓÃÓÚ Linux
·ÖҳģÐÍ£¬Í¨³£×¨ÓÃÓÚ Linux
ÎïÀíÄÚ´æ·½ÃæµÄ֪ʶ
ËäÈ»±¾ÎIJ¢Ã»ÓÐÏêϸ½éÉÜ Linux Äں˹ÜÀíÄÚ´æµÄ·½·¨£¬µ«ÊǽéÉÜÁËÓйØÕû¸öÄÚ´æÄ£Ð͵Ä֪ʶÒÔ¼°ÏµÍ³µÄÑ°Ö··½Ê½£¬ÕâЩ½éÉÜ¿ÉΪÄú½øÒ»²½µÄѧϰÌṩһ¸ö¿ò¼Ü¡£±¾ÎÄÖصã½éÉܵÄÊÇ x86 ¼Ü¹¹£¬µ«±¾ÎÄÖеÄ֪ʶ¶ÔÓÚÆäËûÓ²¼þʵÏÖͬÑùÊÊÓá£
x86 ÄÚ´æ¼Ü¹¹
ÔÚ x86 ¼Ü¹¹ÖУ¬ÄÚ´æ±»»®·Ö³É 3 ÖÖÀàÐ͵ĵØÖ·£º
Âß¼µØÖ· (logical address) ÊǴ洢λÖõĵØÖ·£¬Ëü¿ÉÄÜÖ±½Ó¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚÒ»¸öÎïÀíλÖã¬Ò²¿ÉÄܲ»Ö±½Ó¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚÒ»¸öÎïÀíλÖá£Âß¼µØַͨ³£ÔÚÇëÇó¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÖеÄÐÅϢʱʹÓá£
ÏßÐÔµØÖ· (linear address) £¨»ò³ÆΪ ƽÃæµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä£©ÊÇ´Ó 0 ¿ªÊ¼½øÐÐÑ°Ö·µÄÄÚ´æ¡£Ö®ºóµÄÿ¸ö×Ö½Ú¶¼¿É˳ÐòʹÓÃÏÂÒ»Êý×ÖÀ´ÒýÓã¨0¡¢1¡¢2¡¢3 µÈ£©£¬Ö±µ½ÄÚ´æĩβΪֹ¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇ´ó²¿·Ö·Ç Intel CPU µÄÑ°Ö··½Ê½¡£Intel® ¼Ü¹¹Ê¹ÓÃÁ˷ֶεĵØÖ·¿Õ¼ä£¬ÆäÖÐÄÚ´æ±»»®·Ö³É 64KB µÄ¶Î£¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö¶Î¼Ä´æÆ÷×ÜÊÇÖ¸Ïòµ±Ç°ÕýÔÚÑ°Ö·µÄ¶ÎµÄ»ùÖ·¡£ÕâÖּܹ¹ÖÐµÄ 32 λģʽ±»ÊÓΪƽÃæµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä£¬²»¹ýËüҲʹÓÃÁ˶Ρ£
ÎïÀíµØÖ· (physical address) ÊÇʹÓÃÎïÀíµØÖ·×ÜÏßÖеÄ
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
pthread_mutex_t wqy_mutex_pause = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t wqy_cond_pause = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
bool wqy_pthread_pause = false;
void wqy_pthread_suspend(void)
{
if ......
½âѹ¹¤¾ß£¨ÎÞ´ò°ü¹¦ÄÜ£©£º
-------------------------------
j——bzip2¡¢bunzip2
z——gzip¡¢gunzip
Z——compress¡¢uncompress
½âѹ¹¤¾ß£¨Óдò°üÄÜÁ¦£©£º
-------------------------------
zip¡¢unzip
rar¡¢unrar
ѹËõ°ü*.tar.gz»òÕß*.tgzµÄ½âѹ
----------------------- ......
++ʵÏÖRedHat·ÇÕý³£¹Ø»úµÄ×Ô¶¯´ÅÅÌÐÞ¸´
ÏȵǼµ½·þÎñÆ÷£¬È»ºóÔÚ/etc/sysconfigÀïÔö¼ÓÒ»¸öÎļþautofsck,ÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º
AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK=yes
PROMPT=yes
++¸Ä±äÎļþ»òĿ¼֮×îºóÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä(±äΪµ±Ç°Ê±¼ä)
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºtouch name ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþ»òĿ¼Ãû³Æ¡£)
++ÈçºÎÉèÖÃloginºó»¶ÓÐÅÏ¢
ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/motd£¬ÍùÀïÃæдÈëÎı¾ ......
ÔÚlinuxÏÂһЩ³£ÓõĹػú/ÖØÆôÃüÁîÓÐshutdown¡¢halt¡¢reboot¡¢¼°init£¬ËüÃǶ¼¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½ÖØÆôϵͳµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬µ«Ã¿¸öÃüÁîµÄÄÚ²¿¹¤×÷¹ý³ÌÊDz»Í¬µÄ£¬Í¨¹ý±¾ÎĵĽéÉÜ£¬Ï£ÍûÄã¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¼ÓÁé»îµÄÔËÓø÷ÖֹػúÃüÁî¡£
¡¡¡¡1.shutdown
¡¡¡¡shutdownÃüÁȫµØ½«ÏµÍ³¹Ø»ú¡£ÓÐЩÓû§»áʹÓÃÖ±½Ó¶ÏµôµçÔ´µÄ·½Ê½À´¹Ø±Õlinux£¬ÕâÊÇÊ®·ÖΣÏյġ£ÒòÎ ......
Èç¹ûϵͳ¹ÜÀíԱϣÍûÌí¼ÓÒ»¸öÓû§ÒÔºó£¬ÈøÃÓû§µÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼ÒÔºó×Ô¼ºÉèÖÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÃÜÂ룬ÄÇô¾ÍҪʹµÃÓû§µÄ³õʼÃÜÂë»òÕß¿ÕÃÜÂëÁ¢¿Ì¹ýÆÚ£¬Ç¿ÖÆÓû§µÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼ºóÁ¢¿ÌÐÞ¸ÄÃÜÂë¡£
ΪÁËÇ¿ÖÆÓû§µÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼ʱÉèÖÃÒ»¸öÐÂÃÜÂ룬Çë°´ÕÕÏÂÃæµÄָʾÀ´×ö£¬µ«ÊÇÐèÒªµÄ×¢ÒâµÄʱºòÈç¹ûÓû§ÊÇͨ¹ýSSHÔ¶³ÌµÇ¼½øÈ¥µÄ£¬ÄÇô¸Ã·½·¨ÊDz»ÄÜÉúЧµÄ ......