mysql±äÁ¿ÀàÐÍ
9.3. Óû§±äÁ¿
¿ÉÒÔÏÈÔÚÓû§±äÁ¿Öб£´æÖµÈ»ºóÔÚÒÔºóÒýÓÃËü£»ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ½«Öµ´ÓÒ»¸öÓï¾ä´«µÝµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÓï¾ä¡£Óû§±äÁ¿ÓëÁ¬½ÓÓйØ
¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Ò»¸ö¿Í»§¶Ë¶¨ÒåµÄ±äÁ¿²»Äܱ»ÆäËü¿Í»§¶Ë¿´µ½»òʹÓᣵ±¿Í»§¶ËÍ˳öʱ£¬¸Ã¿Í»§¶ËÁ¬½ÓµÄËùÓбäÁ¿½«×Ô¶¯ÊÍ·Å¡£
Óû§±äÁ¿µÄÐÎʽΪ@var_name
£¬ÆäÖбäÁ¿Ãûvar_name
¿ÉÒÔÓɵ±Ç°×Ö·û¼¯µÄÎÄ×ÖÊý×Ö×Ö·û¡¢‘.
’¡¢‘_
’ºÍ‘$
’×é³É¡£
ĬÈÏ×Ö·û¼¯ÊÇcp1252
(Latin1)
¡£¿ÉÒÔÓÃmysqld
µÄ--default-character-set
Ñ¡Ïî¸ü¸Ä×Ö·û¼¯¡£²Î¼û5.10.1½Ú£¬“Êý¾ÝºÍÅÅÐòÓÃ×Ö·û¼¯”
¡£Óû§±äÁ¿Ãû¶Ô´óСд²»Ãô¸Ð¡£
ÉèÖÃÓû§±äÁ¿µÄÒ»¸ö;¾¶ÊÇÖ´ÐÐSET
Óï¾ä£º
SET @
var_name
=
expr
[, @
var_name
=
expr
] ...
¶ÔÓÚSET
£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ=
»ò:=
×÷Ϊ·ÖÅä·û¡£·ÖÅä¸øÃ¿¸ö±äÁ¿µÄexpr
¿ÉÒÔΪÕûÊý¡¢ÊµÊý¡¢×Ö·û´®»òÕßNULL
Öµ¡£
Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓï¾ä´úÌæSET
À´ÎªÓû§±äÁ¿·ÖÅäÒ»¸öÖµ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬·ÖÅä·û±ØÐëΪ:=
¶ø²»ÄÜÓÃ=
£¬ÒòΪÔÚ·ÇSET
Óï¾äÖÐ=
±»ÊÓΪһ¸ö±È½Ï
²Ù×÷·û£º
mysql>
SET @t1=0, @t2=0, @t3=0;
mysql>
SELECT @t1:=(@t2:=1)+@t3:=4,@t1,@t2,@t3;
+----------------------+------+------+------+
| @t1:=(@t2:=1)+@t3:=4 | @t1 | @t2 | @t3 |
+----------------------+------+------+------+
| 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
+----------------------+------+------+------+
Óû§±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±í´ïʽÖС£Ä¿Ç°²»°üÀ¨Ã÷ÏÔÐèÒªÎÄ×ÖÖµµÄÉÏÏÂÎÄÖУ¬ÀýÈçSELECT
Óï¾äµÄLIMIT
×Ӿ䣬»òÕßLOAD
DATA
Óï¾äµÄIGNORE
number LINES
×Ӿ䡣
Èç¹ûʹÓÃûÓгõʼ»¯µÄ±äÁ¿£¬ÆäÖµÊÇNULL
¡£
Èç¹ûÓû§±äÁ¿·ÖÅäÁËÒ»¸ö×Ö·û´®Öµ£¬Æä×Ö·û¼¯ºÍУ¶Ô¹æÔòÓë¸Ã×Ö·û´®µÄÏàͬ¡£Óû§±äÁ¿µÄ¿ÉѹËõÐÔ£¨coercibility
£©ÊÇÒþº¬µÄ¡£(
¼´Îª±íÁÐÖµµÄÏàͬµÄ¿ÉѹËõÐÔ£¨coercibility
£©¡£
×¢ÊÍ£º
ÔÚSELECT
Óï¾äÖУ¬±í´ïʽ·¢Ë͵½¿Í»§¶Ëºó²Å½øÐмÆËã¡£Õâ˵Ã÷ÔÚHAVING
¡¢GROUP
BY
»òÕßORDER
BY
×Ó¾äÖУ¬²»ÄÜʹÓðüº¬SELECT
ÁбíÖÐËùÉèµÄ±äÁ¿µÄ±í´ïʽ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÓï¾ä²»Äܰ´ÆÚÍû¹¤×÷£º
mysql>
SELECT (@aa:=id) AS a
£¬(@aa+3) AS b
´Ó
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
¡¡ÍøÉÏÓкܶàµÄÎÄÕ½ÌÔõôÅäÖÃMySQL·þÎñÆ÷£¬µ«¿¼Âǵ½·þÎñÆ÷Ó²¼þÅäÖõIJ»Í¬£¬¾ßÌåÓ¦ÓõIJî±ð£¬ÄÇЩÎÄÕµÄ×ö·¨Ö»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ³õ²½ÉèÖòο¼£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª¸ù¾Ý×Ô¼ºµÄÇé¿ö½øÐÐÅäÖÃÓÅ»¯£¬ºÃµÄ×ö·¨ÊÇMySQL·þÎñÆ÷Îȶ¨ÔËÐÐÁËÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÔËÐУ¬¸ù¾Ý·þÎñÆ÷µÄ”״̬”½øÐÐÓÅ»¯¡£
mysql> show global status;
¡¡¡¡¿ÉÒÔÁгöMySQL·þÎ ......
ÐÞ¸Älinux·þÎñÆ÷µÄhttpÅäÖÃÖ®ºó£¬±ØÐëÖØÆôApache·þÎñ£¬ÃüÁîΪ£º /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart
chown -R mysql:mysql Ŀ¼Ãû ¸Ä±äÎļþÊôÐÔ
mysqladmin -u root -p password 'new password' ÉèÖÃÃÜÂë
apt-get remove ɾ³ýÈí¼þ
apt-get clean ÇåÀí
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld restart
php ¾ÍÅäÖÃÁËsession Ö÷ ......
ÊÖ¶¯½¨±í£º
CREATE TABLE `excel` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`passwd` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312; ×¢ÒâÊÇgb2312
È»ºóÔÚÁ¬½ÓÊý¾Ý¿âʱ¼ÓÉÏ:
useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gb2312.
¾ÍokÀ²£¡ ......
MysqlÊý¾Ý¿âÊÇÒ»¸ö¶àÓû§£¬¶àÏ̵߳ĹØÏµÐÍÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿Í»§»ú/·þÎñÆ÷½á¹¹µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¡£ËüÊǶԸöÈËÓû§ºÍÉÌÒµÓû§ÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄ.
MysqlÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÓŵ㣺
1.ͬʱ·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÓû§µÄÊýÁ¿²»ÊÜÏÞÖÆ
2.¿ÉÒÔ±£´æ³¬¹ý5ǧÍòÌõµÄ¼Ç¼
3.ÊÇĿǰÊг¡ÉÏÏÖÓÐÊý¾Ý¿â²úÆ·ÖÐÔËÐÐËÙ¶È×î¿ìµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ
4.Óû§È¨ÏÞÉèÖüòµ¥¡¢ÓÐ ......
MySQLÖÐÓкܶàµÄ»ù±¾ÃüÁshowÃüÁîÒ²ÊÇÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»£¬ÔںܶàʹÓÃÕßÖжÔshowÃüÁîµÄʹÓû¹ÈÝÒײúÉú»ìÏý£¬±¾ÎĻ㼯ÁËshowÃüÁîµÄÖÚ¶àÓ÷¨¡£
a. show tables»òshow tables from database_name; -- ÏÔʾµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖÐËùÓбíµÄÃû³Æ¡£
b. show databases; -- ÏÔʾmysqlÖÐËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÃû³Æ¡£
c. show columns from table_nam ......