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default-character-set=gb2312
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alter database da_name default character set 'charset'
1)ÉèÖÃÊý¾Ý¿â±àÂë /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
default-character-set=gbk
...
[client]
default-character-set=gbk
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2)°´×Ö·û¼¯µ¼³ö
$mysqldump -u root -p dbname --default-character-set=gbk > a.sql;
3)²é¿´SQLÎļþµÄ±àÂë
[root@localhost gethtml]# file a.sql
   a.sql: UTF-8 Unicode ...
[root@localhost gethtml]# iconv -f utf-8 -t gbk a.sql > a2.sql
[root@localhost gethtml]# file a2.sql
   a2.sql: Non-ISO extended-ASCII English text ÕâʱÒѾ­ÊÇgbkµÄ±àÂëÁË
3)µ¼Èë
²é¿´Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñºÍ¿Í»§¶Ë×Ö·û¼¯
mysql> status;
Server characterset:    gbk
Db     characterset:      gbk
Client characterset:      latin1
Conn. characterset:     latin1
mysql> set names 'gbk';   //ÕâÑù
mysql> status;
Server characterset:   gbk
Db     characterset:     gbk
Client characterset:     gbk
Conn. characterset:    gbk
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mysql> s