SQL语句PART7
Merge statement
function benefits: 1) provides the ability to conditionally update, insert or delete data into a database table. 2) performs an update if the row exists, and an insert if it is a new row. --> 1) avoids seperate updates, 2) increase performance and ease of use. 3) is useful in data warehousing applications.
syntax:
MERGE INTO table_name table_alias
USING (table|view|sub_query) alias
ON (join condition)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
col1 = col1_val,
col2 = col2_val
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (column_list)
VALUES (column_values);
e.g.: table: temp_t1:
results:
1 1 收文 SHOUWEN
2 1 发文 FAWEN
3 1 交办 JIAOBAN
4 2 值班报告 REPORT
5 3 督察督办 SUPERVISAL
6 2 值班快报 DAILYREPORT
7 2 我的事情 NOTIFY
8 4 提案 RESOLUTION
9 4 建议 SUGGESTION
e.g.: table: temp_t2：
results:
1 1 收文 SHOUWEN
2 1 发文 FAWEN
3 1 交办 JIAOBAN
4 2 值班报告 REPORT
5 3 督察督办
相关文档：
PL/SQL: Oracle中的SQL过程化编程语言
1. PL/SQL程序是由块结构构成，格式如下：
[DECLARE
--声明部分
]
BEGIN
-- 主体
[EXCEPTION
-- 异常处理块
]
END;
/ --块的结束
2.变量
简单变量： ......
Oracle SQL(partI)
Data manipulation language(DML): select, insert, update, delete, merge.
Data definition language(DDL): create, alter, drop, rename, truncate, comment
Data control language(DCL): grant, revoke
Transaction control: commit, rollback, savepoint
Arithmetic Expressions:
+, -, *, / ......
GRANT
Name
GRANT -- 定义访问权限
Synopsis GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP groupname | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WI ......
Differring Constraints:
Constraints can have the following attributes: DEFFERRABLE / NOT DEFFERRABLE, INITIALLY DEFFERRED / INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.
e.g.:
alter table dept2 add constraint dept2_id_pk primary key (department_id) deferrable initially deferred; // deferring constraint on creation. ......
