SQLÖеÄDDL,DML,DCLÓïÑÔ
¸Ð¾õ×Ô¼ºÊDZȽϱ¿µÄ£¬Ñ§Ï°¹ýSQLÓïÑÔ£¬µ«ÊÇÈ´·Ö²»Ì«Çå³þDDL¡¢DML¡¢DCLÓïÑÔ£¬ËùÒÔÄØ£¬½ñÌì¾Íºñ×ÅÁ³Æ¤ÎÊÁËÀÏʦ£¬ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×Ô¼ºÄ¿Ç°µÄÁ˽âÀ´×ܽáһϡ£
1¡¢DDL£¨DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE£©Êý¾ÝÃèÊöÓïÑÔ
DDLÓï¾ä²»»á²úÉú»¹ÔÊý¾Ý£¬ËùÒÔɾ³ýµÄÊý¾ÝÒ²ÊÇÎÞ·¨»Ö¸´µÄ
CREATE - to create objects in the database
ALTER - alters the structure of the database
DROP - delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
2¡¢DML£¨DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE£©Êý¾Ý²Ù×ÝÓãÓïÑÔ
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
INSERT - insert data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
3¡¢DCL£¨DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE£©Êý¾Ý¿ØÖÆÓïÑÔ
COMMIT - save work done
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use
¸Ð¾õÊÇÒªºÃÄÇôһµãÁË£¬ÖÁÉÙ²»ÄÇôºýÍ¿ÁË£¬±Ï¾¹×Ô¼ºÒ²Ñ§ÁËÄÇô¾Ã£¬²»ÄÜʲô¶¼²»ÖªµÀÈý£¬²»ÄÜÖ»ÏþµÃ¾ÍÒ»¸öcreate¡¢update¡¢drop£¬ºÙºÙ£¡£¡£¡
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
sqlÔÚ¶à·½ÃþË÷ºÍÅóÓѵİïÖúÏ£¬ÖÕÓÚ¿ÉÒÔÁ¬½Ó³É¹¦£¬Õâ¶ÔÎÒÀ´ËµÊǸöÀï³Ì±®À´µÄ£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÎÒ×ÜÊÇûÓлú»á¿ÉÒÔÅö´¥µ½SQL£¬µ±ÎÒ¹ÄÆðÓÂÆøÓÂÆøÏëѧϰµÄʱºòÎÒÁ¬ÔõôÓö¼²»»á£¬½øÀ´ÖÕÓÚÁ´½Ó³É¹¦£¬¿ªÐĵغÍÅóÓÑ·ÖÏíÎҵijɹû¡£
1.°²×°sql£¬Ñ§Ï°SQl£¬ÒòΪһ°ãÎÒÊÇÏëÒªÓÃÓÚVS2005ÏîÄ¿µÄ£¬ËùÒÔÒ»°ã×îºó¾ÍÏȰ²×°VSÈí¼þ£¬ÒÔ±ã ......
ÓÐʱºò£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖлáÓöµ½½«Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÊý¾Ýµ¼µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ±íÖУ¬µ«Êǹ¤¾ßÓÖûÓÐÌṩÕâÑùµÄ¹¦ÄÜ
ÏÂÃæÄÜͨ¹ýSQLÓï¾äÉú³ÉInsertÓï¾ä£¬ÔÙ²åÈëµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖС£
MSSQL:
SELECT 'INSERT INTO StatInfo(UserName,CardId,Address,WageCount,Pension)'+
' VALUES('''+a.UserName+''','''+a.CardId+''','''+a.Ad ......
--»ù´¡Á˽⣺
1) select distinct name from table --´ò¿ªÖظ´¼Ç¼µÄµ¥¸ö×Ö¶Î
2) select * from table where fid in(Select min(fid) from table group by name)--´ò¿ªÖظ´¼Ç¼µÄËùÓÐ×Ö¶ÎÖµ
3) select * from table where name in(select name from table group by name having count(name)=1)--´ò¿ªÖظ´ÈÎÒâ´ÎÊýµ ......