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from "±í¸ñÃû" "±í¸ñ±ðÃû"
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store_name
Sales
Date
Los Angeles
$1500
Jan-05-1999
San Diego
$250
Jan-07-1999
Los Angeles
$300
Jan-08-1999
Boston
$700
Jan-08-1999
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from Store_Information A1
GROUP BY A1.store_name
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Store
Total Sales
Los Angeles
$1800
San Diego
$250
Boston
$700
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