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常用SQL查询语句

DDL—数据定义语言(CREATE,ALTER,DROP,DECLARE)
  DML—数据操纵语言(SELECT,DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT)
  DCL—数据控制语言(GRANT,REVOKE,COMMIT,ROLLBACK)
  首先,简要介绍基础语句:
  1、说明:创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE database-name
  2、说明:删除数据库
drop database dbname
  3、说明:备份sql server
  --- 创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
  --- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
  4、说明:创建新表
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
  根据已有的表创建新表:
A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
  5、说明:
  删除新表:drop table tabname
  6、说明:
  增加一个列:Alter table tabname add column col type
  注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
  7、说明:
  添加主键:Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
  说明:
  删除主键:Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
  8、说明:
  创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
  删除索引:drop index idxname
  注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
  9、说明:
  创建视图:create view viewname as select statement
  删除视图:drop view viewname
  10、说明:几个简单的基本的sql语句
  选择:select * from table1 where 范围
  插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
  删除:delete from table1 where 范围
  更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
  查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!
  排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
  总数:select count * as totalcount from table1
  求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
  平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
  最大:sele


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