sql 2005 强制使用执行计划 T—SQl
select * from tt t inner loop join ss s with(nolock) on s.c=t.c
使用 nested join
select * from tt t inner merge join ss s with(nolock) on s.c=t.c
使用 merge join
select * from tt t inner hash join ss s with(nolock) on s.c=t.c
使用 hash jion
nolock 不允许锁
Microsoft SQL Server sometimes uses hash and merge joins when querying large tables when uncomplicated nested loop joins would result in better performance and less server impact. In many such cases, query times go from many milliseconds to many seconds because hash table joins require that large amounts of data be processed and temporarily stored, and merge joins require sorting and then processing similarly large amounts of data.
This is fine for one-time administrative "fact finding" queries where you don't have or want the indices needed to optimize the query, and you're willing to wait the seconds or minutes it takes to get results.
For day-in-and-day-out application queries, however, you don't want your database engine to be hashing or sorting hundreds of thousands or millions of rows, especially when the end result is only a small number of rows.
相关文档:
POEAA中介绍了ORM中最重要的模式之一:Unit Of Work。看似简单,实现起来却非常复杂。
Hibernate完美的实现了这个模式。以下我用一系列的例子来分析Hibernate的处理机制
下面有三个例子,猜猜看Hibernate会执行几句SQL(省略事务处理代码,实体对象叫User,假设主键是自增型的)
例1:
User user = new User();
user.setN ......
MySQL导出和导入SQL脚本
导出sql脚本:
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 存放位置
mysqljump -u root -p test > c:\a.sql
导入sql脚本:
要建环境变量或者在bin的目录下,mysql这个命令才能识别。
test是你要导进去的数据库名字,要提前建好~~
mysql -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 < 存放位置
mysqljump -u ro ......
1. 概述
MySQL数据库的导入,有两种方法:
1) 先导出数据库SQL脚本,再导入;
2) 直接拷贝数据库目录和文件。
在不同操作系统或MySQL版本情况下,直接拷贝文件的方法可能会有不兼容的情况发生。
所以一般推荐用SQL脚本形式导入。下面分别介绍两种方法。
Linux下:
2. 方法一 SQL脚本形式
操作步骤如下:
2 ......
数学函数:
1.绝对值
S:SELECT abs(-1) value
O:SELECT abs(-1) value from dual
2.取整(大)
S:SELECT ceiling(-1.001) value
O:SELECT ceil(-1.001) value from dual
3.取整(小)
S:SELECT floor(-1.001) value
O:SELECT floor(-1.001) value from dual
4.取整(截取)
S:SELECT cast(-1.002 as int) value
O ......
SQL UNION 操作符
UNION 操作符用于合并两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果集。
请注意,UNION 内部的 SELECT 语句必须拥有相同数量的列。列也必须拥有相似的数据类型。同时,每条 SELECT 语句中的列的顺序必须相同。
SQL UNION 语法
SELECT column_name(s) from table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) from table_na ......