Python笔记（10）
Python中的异常
当你的程序中出现某些异常的状况的时候，异常就发生了。
一.处理异常
我们可以使用try..except语句来处理异常。我们把通常的语句放在try-块中，而把我们的错误处理语句放在except-块中。
例如:
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: try_except.py
import sys
try:
s = raw_input('Enter something --> ')
except EOFError:
print '\nWhy did you do an EOF on me?'
sys.exit() # exit the program
except:
print '\nSome error/exception occurred.'
# here, we are not exiting the program
print 'Done'
输出为:
$ python try_except.py
Enter something -->
Why did you do an EOF on me?
$ python try_except.py
Enter something --> Python is exceptional!
Done
二.引发异常
你可以使用raise语句引发异常。你还得指明错误/异常的名称和伴随异常触发的异常对象。你可以引发的错误或异常应该分别是一个Error或Exception类的直接或间接导出类。
例如:
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: raising.py
class ShortInputException(Exception):
'''A user-defined exception class.'''
def __init__(self, length, atleast):
Exception.__init__(self)
self.length = length
self.atleast = atleast
try:
s = raw_input('Enter something --> ')
if len(s) < 3:
raise ShortInputException(len(s), 3)
# Other work can continue as usual here
except EOFError:
print '\nWhy did you do an EOF on me?'
except ShortInputException, x:
print 'ShortInputException: The input was of length %d, \
was expecting at least %d' % (x.length, x.atleast)
else:
print 'No exception was raised.'
输出为:
$ python raising.py
Enter something -->
Why did you do an EOF on me?
$ python raising.py
Enter something --> ab
ShortInputException: The input was of length 2, was expecting at least 3
$ python raising.py
Enter something --> abc
No exception was raised.
三.try..finally
假如你在读一个文件的时候，希望在无论异常发生与否的情况下都关闭文件，该怎么做呢？这可以使用finally块来完成。注意，在一�
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