ANSI CÖеÄÎļþ²Ù×÷
ÔÚANSI CÖУ¬¶ÔÎļþµÄ²Ù×÷·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½£¬¼´Á÷ʽÎļþ²Ù×÷ºÍI/OÎļþ²Ù×÷£¬ÏÂÃæ¾Í·Ö±ð½éÉÜÖ®¡£
Ò»¡¢Á÷ʽÎļþ²Ù×÷
¡¡¡¡ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½µÄÎļþ²Ù×÷ÓÐÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄ½á¹¹FILE£¬FILEÔÚstdio.hÖж¨ÒåÈçÏ£º
typedef struct {
int level; /* fill/empty level of buffer */
unsigned flags; /* File status flags */
char fd; /* File descriptor */
unsigned char hold; /* Ungetc char if no buffer */
int bsize; /* Buffer size */
unsigned char _FAR *buffer; /* Data transfer buffer */
unsigned char _FAR *curp; /* Current active pointer */
unsigned istemp; /* Temporary file indicator */
short token; /* Used for validity checking */
} FILE; /* This is the FILE object */
¡¡¡¡FILEÕâ¸ö½á¹¹°üº¬ÁËÎļþ²Ù×÷µÄ»ù±¾ÊôÐÔ£¬¶ÔÎļþµÄ²Ù×÷¶¼ÒªÍ¨¹ýÕâ¸ö½á¹¹µÄÖ¸ÕëÀ´½øÐУ¬´ËÖÖÎļþ²Ù×÷³£Óõĺ¯Êý¼ûÏÂ±í º¯Êý ¹¦ÄÜ
fopen() ´ò¿ªÁ÷
fclose() ¹Ø±ÕÁ÷
fputc() дһ¸ö×Ö·ûµ½Á÷ÖÐ
fgetc() ´ÓÁ÷ÖжÁÒ»¸ö×Ö·û
fseek() ÔÚÁ÷Öж¨Î»µ½Ö¸¶¨µÄ×Ö·û
fputs() д×Ö·û´®µ½Á÷
fgets() ´ÓÁ÷ÖжÁÒ»ÐлòÖ¸¶¨¸ö×Ö·û
fprintf() °´¸ñʽÊä³öµ½Á÷
fscanf() ´ÓÁ÷Öа´¸ñʽ¶ÁÈ¡
feof() µ½´ïÎļþβʱ·µ»ØÕæÖµ
ferror() ·¢Éú´íÎóʱ·µ»ØÆäÖµ
rewind() ¸´Î»Îļþ¶¨Î»Æ÷µ½Îļþ¿ªÊ¼´¦
remove() ɾ³ýÎļþ
fread() ´ÓÁ÷ÖжÁÖ¸¶¨¸öÊýµÄ×Ö·û
fwrite() ÏòÁ÷ÖÐдָ¶¨¸öÊýµÄ×Ö·û
tmpfile() Éú³ÉÒ»¸öÁÙʱÎļþÁ÷
tmpnam() Éú³ÉÒ»¸öΨһµÄÎļþÃû
¡¡¡¡ÏÂÃæ¾Í½éÉÜÒ»ÏÂÕâЩº¯Êý
1.fopen()
¡¡¡¡fopenµÄÔÐÍÊÇ£ºFILE *fopen(const char *filename,const char *mode)£¬fopenʵÏÖÈý¸ö¹¦ÄÜ
ΪʹÓöø´ò¿ªÒ»¸öÁ÷
°ÑÒ»¸öÎļþºÍ´ËÁ÷ÏàÁ¬½Ó
¸ø´ËÁ÷·µ»ØÒ»¸öFILRÖ¸Õë
²ÎÊýfilenameÖ¸ÏòÒª´ò¿ªµÄÎļþÃû£¬mode±íʾ´ò¿ª×´Ì¬µÄ×Ö·û´®£¬ÆäȡֵÈçϱí
×Ö·û´® º¬Òå
"r" ÒÔÖ»¶Á·½Ê½´ò¿ªÎļþ
"w" ÒÔֻд·½Ê½´ò¿ªÎļþ
"a" ÒÔ×·¼Ó·½Ê½´ò¿ªÎļþ
"r+" ÒÔ¶Á/д·½Ê½´ò¿ªÎļþ£¬ÈçÎÞÎļþ³ö´í
"w+" ÒÔ¶Á/д·½Ê½´ò¿ªÎļþ£¬ÈçÎÞÎļþÉú³ÉÐÂÎļþ
¡¡¡¡Ò»¸öÎļþ¿ÉÒÔÒÔÎı¾Ä£Ê½»ò¶þ½øÖÆÄ£Ê½´ò¿ª£¬ÕâÁ½ÖÖµÄÇø±ðÊÇ£ºÔÚÎı¾Ä£Ê½Öлسµ±»µ±³ÉÒ»¸ö×Ö·û'n'£¬¶ø¶þ½øÖÆÄ£Ê½ÈÏΪËüÊÇÁ½¸ö×Ö·û 0x0D,0x0A£»Èç¹ûÔÚÎļþÖжÁµ½0x1B£¬Îı¾Ä£Ê½»áÈÏΪÕâÊÇÎļþ½áÊø·û£¬Ò²¾ÍÊǶþ½øÖÆÄ£ÐͲ»»á¶ÔÎļþ½øÐд¦Àí£¬¶øÎı¾·½Ê½»á°´Ò»¶¨µÄ·½Ê½¶ÔÊý¾Ý
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define u 20
int i,j,n,m;
float Ix[u],I[u][u],H_X,H_Y,H_XY,I_XY,H_XpY,Pypx[u][u],Px[u],H_YpX,Py[u],Pxpy[u][u],Pxy[u][u];
/*¶¨ÒåµÄIx[]=I(x[i])×ÔÐÅÏ¢£»I[][]=I(x[i];y[j])»¥ÐÅÏ¢£»H_X=H(X)ƽ¾ù×ÔÐÅÏ¢£»H_XY=H(XY)ÁªºÏìØ;
I_XY=I(X;Y)ƽ¾ù»¥ÐÅÏ¢£»H_XpY=H(X|Y ......
ÈçÏ´úÂë±àÒëÔËÐоͻáÌáʾR6002´íÎó #include
struct xxx{
float score;
};
int main()
{
xxx* p = new xxx;
scanf( "%f" , &p->score );
delete p;
} ½â¾ö·½°¸ºÜ¼òµ¥ int main()
{
xxx* p ......
¹ØÓÚperlÖкÍCÖеÄsort»úÖÆ
£¨×ªÔØ£©
ϸ¶ÁC++ primer£¬ÖÕÓÚÀí½âÁËÒ»Ö±±È½ÏÒÉ»óµÄperlºÍCµÄsortº¯Êý»úÖÆ¡£ÎÒµ½²»ÊÇÒÉ»óËüµÄÓ÷¨£¬¶øÊǺÜÒÉ»óËüµÄÐÎʽ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´Òª´«µÝÒ»¸ö×Ó³ÌÐòµÄÄäÃûÒýÓøøËüÄØ£¬¶øÇÒÐÎʽ»¹ºÜ¹Å¹Ö£¬Ò»¶¨ÒªÊÇ$a<$b£¬$a<=>$bÖ®ÀàµÄ¡£ÒªÇóÑϸñÇҹŹ֡£
½ñҹͻȻ¿´µ½p.384Ò³£¬¿´µ½ÊéÉ϶ÔquicksortÅÅ ......
¹Ø¼ü×Ö£ºUTC£¨ÊÀ½ç±ê׼ʱ¼ä£©£¬Calendar Time£¨ÈÕÀúʱ¼ä£©£¬epoch£¨Ê±¼äµã£©£¬clock tick£¨Ê±ÖÓ¼ÆÊ±µ¥Ôª£©
1£®¸ÅÄî
ÔÚC/C++ÖУ¬¶Ô×Ö·û´®µÄ²Ù×÷ÓкܶàÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÎÊÌ⣬ͬÑù£¬C/C++¶Ôʱ¼äµÄ²Ù×÷Ò²ÓÐÐí¶àÖµµÃ´ó¼Ò×¢ÒâµÄµØ·½¡£ÏÂÃæÖ÷Òª½éÉÜÔÚC/C++ÖÐʱ¼äºÍÈÕÆÚµÄʹÓ÷½·¨.
ͨ¹ýѧϰÐí¶àC/C++¿â£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÓкܶà²Ù×÷¡¢Ê¹ÓÃʱ¼äµ ......