Java内部类（Inner Class）

简单的说，内部（inner）类指那些类定义代码被置于其它类定义中的类；而对于一般的、类定义代码不嵌套在其它类定义中的类，称为顶层（top-level）类。对于一个内部类，包含其定义代码的类称为它的外部（outer）类。
1 Static member class（静态成员类）
类声明中包含“static”关键字的内部类。如以下示例代码，
Inner1/Inner2/Inner3/Inner4就是Outer的四个静态成员类。静态成员类的使用方式与一般顶层类的使用方式基本相同。
public class Outer{
//just like static method, static member class has public/private/default access privilege levels

//access privilege level: public
public static class Inner1 {
public Inner1() {
//Static member inner class can access static method of outer class
staticMethod();
//Compile error: static member inner class can not access instance method of outer class
//instanceMethod();
}
}

//access privilege level: default
static class Inner2 {

}

//access privilege level: private
private static class Inner3 {
//define a nested inner class in another inner class
public static class Inner4 {
}
}
private static void staticMethod() {
//cannot define an inner class in a method
/*public static class Inner4() {
}*/
}

private void instanceMethod() {
//private static member class can be accessed only in its outer class definition scope
Inner3 inner3 = new Inner3();
//how to use nested inner class
Inner3.Inner4 inner4 = new Inner3.Inner4();
}
}
class Test {
Outer.Inner1 inner1 = new Outer.Inner1();
//Test and Outer are in the same package, so Inner2 can be accessed here
Outer.Inner2 inner2 = new Outer.Inner2();
//Compile error: Inner3 cannot be accessed here
//Outer.Inner3 inner3 = new Outer.Inner3();
}

1.1 静态成员类特性
静态成员类可访问外部类的任