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1.ÎïÀí²ã(Physical Layer,PH)
2.Êý¾ÝÁ´Â·²ã(Data Link Layer,DL)
3.ÍøÂç²ã(Network Layer,N)
4.ÔËÊä²ã(Transport Layer,T)
5.»á»°²ã(Session Layer,S)
6.±íʾ²ã(Presentation Layer,P)
7.Ó¦Óòã(Application Layer,A)
ÏÖÔÚ×îÁ÷ÐеÄÍøÂçÐÒéÎÞÒɾÍÊÇTCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)ÐÒé.
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l ICMP £¨Internet Control Message Protocol£©£¬Íø¼Ê±¨ÎÄÐÒ飻Ëü°üÀ¨ÁËÊý¾Ý°üµÄ´íÎ󡢿ØÖƵÈÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£±ÈÈçpingÃüÁî¾ÍÊÇÀûÓÃICMPÀ´²âÊÔÒ»¸öÍøÂçµÄÁ¬½ÓÇé¿öµÄ¹¤¾ß£»
l TCP £¨Transmission Control Protocol£©£¬´«Êä¿ØÖÆÐÒé¡£TCPÔËÐÐÔÚIPÖ®ÉÏ£¬ÊÇ»ùÓÚÊý¾ÝÁ÷Á¬½ÓºÍÃæÏòµÄÐÒ飬ӦÓóÌÐò°ÑÊý¾ÝÒª¾¹ýTCP/IPµÄ·Ö¸î³ÉÈô¸É°ü£¬ÕâÑùÊý¾Ý¾ÍÒÔ×Ö½ÚÁ÷·¢ËͺͽÓÊÕ£¬µ½´ïÄ¿µÄµØºó£¬TCP/IPÔÙ°´Ë³Ðò½øÐÐ×é×°¡£TCP/IPÒª±£Ö¤»úÆ÷Óë»úÆ÷Ö®¼äµÄÁ¬½ÓµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬»¹ÒªÓоÀ´í¡£TCPÊÇ·ñ±»Ñ¡Ôñ£¬È¡¾öÓÚÓ¦ÓóÌÐò»ò·þÎñ£»
l UDP £¨User Datagram Protocol£© £¬Óû§Êý¾Ý±¨ÐÒé £¬ÏóTCPÒ»ÑùÔËÐÐÔÚIPÖ®ÉÏ£¬ÊÇ»ùÓÚÊý¾Ý±¨»ò·Ö×éµÄÐÒ飬UDP/IP¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó·¢ËͺͽÓÊÕÊý¾Ý±¨ÎÄ£¬¶ø²»±Ø×öÑéÖ¤£¬ÕâÒ»µãÓëTCP/IP²»Í¬¡£TCPÊÇ·ñ±»Ñ¡Ôñ£¬È¡¾öÓÚÓ¦ÓóÌÐò»ò·þÎñ£»
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