SQLÀúÊ·ÓëʵÏÖ
ÔÚ20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú³õÆÚ£¬IBMÑо¿Ô±E. F. Codd²©Ê¿¿ª´´ÐÔµØÑо¿¿ª·¢Á˹ØϵÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͲúÆ·SEQUEL£¬¼´½á¹¹»¯Ó¢Óï²éѯÓïÑÔ£¨Structured English Query Language£©¡£SEQUEL×îÖÕ±ä³ÉÁËSQL£¬»ò½á¹¹»¯²éѯÓïÑÔ£¨Structured Query Language£¬SQL£©¡£
IBM¼°ÆäËû¹ØϵÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ¿ª·¢³§É̶¼Ï£ÍûÓÐÒ»Ì×ÄÜ·ÃÎʲ¢²Ù×ݹØϵÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ±ê×¼»¯·½·¨¡£ËäÈ»IBMÊ×´´Á˹ØϵÊý¾Ý¿âÀíÂÛ£¬µ«OracleÊǵÚÒ»¼ÒÔÚÊг¡ÉÏÍƳö¸Ã¼¼ÊõµÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Ëæ×Åʱ¼äµÄÁ÷ÊÅ£¬SQLÔÚÊг¡Éϵõ½Á˲»´íµÄ·´Ï죬ÕâÒýÆðÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¾Ö£¨American National Standards Institute£¬ANSI£©µÄ¹Ø×¢£¬²¢·Ö±ðÔÚ1986Äê¡¢1989Äê¡¢1992Äê¡¢2003Äê¼°2006Äê·¢²¼ÁËSQL±ê×¼¡£±¾ÎÄÊÊÓÃÓÚANSI 2003±ê×¼£¬ÒòΪANSI 2006±ê×¼´¦ÀíSQLÔªËØÒѳ¬³öÁ˱¾ÊéµÄÃüÁΧ¡££¨ÊµÖÊÉÏ£¬SQL2006±ê×¼ÃèÊöÁËÔÚSQLÖÐÈçºÎʹÓÃXML¡££©
×Ô1986ÄêÒÔÀ´£¬ÒÑÓжàÖÖ¿Éʹ³ÌÐòÔ±¼°¿ª·¢Õß·ÃÎʲ¢²Ù×ݹØϵÊý¾ÝµÄÓïÑÔ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ºÜÉÙÓÐÏñSQLÕâôºÃѧ»ò±»¹ã·ºµØ»ñµÃÈÏͬµÄÒ»ÃÅÓïÑÔ¡£SQLÈóÌÐòÔ±¼°¹ÜÀíÕßÖ»Ðëѧϰµ¥Ò»ÓïÑÔ£¬ÉÔ΢×÷µãµ÷Õû£¬±ã¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËü¹ã·ºÓ¦Óõ½¶àÖÖÊý¾Ý¿âƽ̨¡¢Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¼°²úÆ·ÖС£
¡¶SQL¼¼ÊõÊֲᣨµÚÈý°æ£©¡·½²ÊöÁËÎåÖÖSQL2003£¨SQL3£©µÄ³£¼ûʵÏÖ£º
1.1 ¹ØϵģÐÍÓëANSI SQL
¹ØϵÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ£¨Relational database management systems£¬RDBMSs£©£¬Èç±¾ÊéËù½éÉܵģ¬ÊÇÈ«ÊÀ½çÐÅϢϵͳµÄÖ÷ÒªÇý¶¯ÒýÇ棬ÓÈÆäÔÚÍøÂçÓ¦Óü°·Ö²¼Ê½¿Í»§¶Ë/·þÎñÆ÷£¨client/server£©´¦ÀíϵͳÖнÏΪ³£¼û¡£ËüÃÇ¿ÉÈÃÐí¶àÓû§¿ìËÙ²¢Í¬Ê±·ÃÎÊ¡¢´´½¨¡¢±à¼¼°²Ù×ÝÊý¾Ý£¬Ò²¿ÉÈóÌÐò¿ª·¢Õß±àдÓÐÓõÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÒÔ±ã·ÃÎÊ×ÊÔ´£¬»¹¿ÉÈùÜÀíÕ߶Ô×éÖ¯ºÃµÄÊý¾ÝÔ´¼ÓÒÔά»¤¡¢±£»¤¼°×îÓÅ»¯¡£
RDBMSÊÇÒ»Ì×ϵͳ£¬ËüµÄÓû§Êý¾ÝΪ±Ë´Ë»¥ÓйØÁªµÄ±í¼¯ºÏ£¬¹ØÁªÊÇÓÉÓÚËüÃÇÓй²Í¬µÄÊý¾ÝÖµ¡£Êý¾Ý´æ´¢ÔÚÓÉÊý¾ÝÐУ¨row£©ºÍÊý¾ÝÁУ¨column£©×é³ÉµÄÊý¾Ý±í£¨table£©ÖС£Èç¹û¶ÀÁ¢µÄÊý¾Ý±í¼äÓÐΨһ±êʶµÄÊý¾ÝÁУ¨¼´¼ü£©£¬ÔòËü¿É±íʾ¹²ÓеÄÊý¾ÝÖµ£¬ÕâЩÊý¾Ý±íÒ²Äܱ˴ËÏàÁª£¨»òÕß˵²úÉú¹ØÁª£©¡£1970Äê6Ô£¬E. F. Codd·¢±íÔÚ¡¶ÃÀ¹ú¼ÆËã»úлáͨѶ¡·£¨Communications of the ACM£©ÉϵĹؼüÐÔÂÛÎÄ¡¶A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks¡·ÖÐÊ×´ÎÌá³ö¹ØϵÊý¾Ý¿âÀíÂÛ¡£ÔÚCoddµÄйØϵÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍÖУ¬Êý¾ÝÒԽṹʽ£¨ÐγÉÓÉÊý¾ÝÐкÍÊý¾ÝÁÐ×é³ÉµÄÊý¾Ý±í£©³ÊÏÖ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÑ¡Ôñ¡¢Í¶Ó°¼°Á´½ÓµÈ²Ù×÷·½Ê½¹ÜÀí£¬²¢ÇÒÓÉÓÚ¼üÖµµÄÍêÕûÐÔ¼°²ÎÕÕÍêÕûÐÔµÈÔÔò¶øʹµÃÊý¾Ý¾ßÓÐÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£Codd»¹Ìá³öÁ
Ïà¹ØÎĵµ£º
Óë³Ö¾Ã±íÒ»Ñù£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷´´½¨²¢Î¬»¤ÁÙʱ±íµÄ·Ö²¼Í³¼ÆÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢¸ú×ÙËüµÄ»ùÊý¡£µ±Ë÷ÒýÁÙʱ±íʱ£¬ÕâÖÖÄÜÁ¦ÓÈÆäÖØÒª¡£µ±ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÐèÒªÆÀ¹ÀÑ¡ÔñÐÔʱ£¬Ëü¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÕâЩ·Ö²¼Í³¼ÆÐÅÏ¢Éú³É¾¹ýÓÅ»¯µÄ¼Æ»®¡£ÕâÊÇÁÙʱ±íÔÚÐÔÄÜ·½Ã治ͬÓÚ±í±äÁ¿µÄÖ÷ÒªÌØÐÔÖ®Ò»¡£
´ËÍ⣬ÒòΪÁÙʱ±í»áά»¤Í³¼ÆÐÅÏ¢£¬Èç¹ûÉϴαàÒëºó±»ÒýÓñíÓÐ×ã¹»¶àµÄÐз¢ ......
ÌâÄ¿ÒªÇó
°¢ÀïbabaµÄÃæÊÔÌâ
ÓÐÈý¸ö±í
ѧÉú±í S
SID SNAME
½Ìʦ¿Î±í T
TID TNAME TCL
³É¼¨±í SC &n ......
Access SQL×¢Èë²Î¿¼
°æ±¾ 0.2.1
(×î½ü¸üР10/10/2007)
Ô×÷Õß²»Ïê
ÃèÊö SQL²éѯ¼°×¢ÊÍ
×¢ÊÍ·û AccessÖÐûÓÐרÃŵÄ×¢ÊÍ·ûºÅ.Òò´Ë"/*", "--"ºÍ"#"¶¼Ã»·¨Ê¹ÓÃ.µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÿÕ×Ö·û"NULL"(%00)´úÌæ:
' UNION SELECT 1,1,1 from validTableName%00
Óï·¨´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ "[Microsoft][Driver ODBC Micros ......
ÔÚÁ¬½ÓSQL Server 2000Êý¾Ý¿âʱ£¬ÏµÍ³ÌáʾÈçÏ´íÎó£º
ÔÚÍøÉÏÑ°ÕÒµ½´¦Àí·½·¨£º
(°ÑSQL server updateµ½sp4)
1¡¢ÔÚ²éѯ·ÖÎöÆ÷ÖÐÊäÈë select @@version ²¢Ö´ÐÐ
SQL Server 2000 °æ±¾ºÍ¼¶±ð
@@VERSION
²úÆ·¼¶±ð
SQL Server 2000 Ôʼ°æ±¾
8.00.194
RTM
Database Components SP1
8.00.384
SP1 ......
select ID,Item1,Item2,Item3,Item4
into #Temp
from (
select ID='200910',Item1='A',Item2='B',Item3='C',Item4='T1'
union all
select ID='200910',Item1='',Item2='B',Item3='C' ,Item4='G2'
union all
select ID='200910',Item1='A',Item2='D',Item3='C' ,Item4='T3'
union all
select ID='200910',Item ......